Inflammaotry Bowel Disease Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Bone Mineral Density a Single Center Study

Abstract

Background and Aim :Osteoporosis and osteopenic fragility are frequent in people with inflammatory bowel disease. Clinically, several risk factors have been suggested for low bone mineral density (BMD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Yet, limited data is available on evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for BMD. Therefore, The objective of this study was to identify the frequency of low BMD in IBD and the variables that increase its risk.

Methodology: This singe center study conducted in 130 ulcerative colitis adult patients at the department of Gastroenterology Hayat Abad Medical complex Peshawar.  from August 2020 to July 2021. Patients' demographic details such as age, BMI, disease types, gender, disease duration, Both vitamin D levels and steroid usage histories were documented. Bone mineral density was measured in the femur and the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Deoxypyridinoline, serum calcium, osteocalcin, and phosphorus levels, among others, were recorded as biochemical indicators of bone metabolism. Results were compared between those with low bone mineral density and those with other clinical characteristics including medication or steroid use, illness duration, age, and body mass index. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.

Results: Out of 130 ulcerative colitis patients, there were 70 (53.8%) male and 60 (46.2%) females. The overall mean age was 38.6±3.54 years. The prevalence of abnormal bone mineral density was 68.9% (n=90). Of the 90 abnormal BMD patients, the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 46 (35.4%) and 44 (33.8%) respectively. Steroid use and duration of disease was significantly associated with low bone mineral density in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, low bone mineral density was significantly associated with disease duration only. There was an insignificant association between low BMD and different clinical parameters such as age, BMI, gender, vitamin D level, and steroid usage.

Conclusion: According to the results of the current investigation, people with inflammatory bowel illness are disproportionately affected by osteoporosis and osteopenic fragility. In addition, a strong correlation between poor bone mineral density and the progression of illness was found. The greatest risk factor for poor bone mineral density seems to be the illness itself. If patients with low MBD are identified in the early stages, an appropriate preventative approach may be devised.