The Potential Ameliorative Effects of the Noisome Encapsulated Rutin or Quercetin Nano-Particles in HFD-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Male Rats

Abstract

Background: Rutin and quercetin, which are flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables, have attracted interest due to their ability to improve metabolic syndrome and its related testicular dysfunction. Gaining insight into the mechanisms by which they operate and investigating innovative delivery technologies, such as nanotechnology, may present effective approaches for addressing these health issues. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of rutin and quercetin-loaded niosomes in reducing testicular dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome in a rat model. Methodology: The ethanol injection method was employed to produce niosomes containing rutin and quercetin. These niosomes were then evaluated for several parameters. A total of ninety adult male albino rats were subjected to metabolic syndrome induction by a high-fructose diet for a duration of 10 weeks. Afterward, the rats were separated into six distinct groups. Various treatment protocols were delivered, including the use of niosomes filled with rutin and quercetin. The evaluation focused on metabolic indicators, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress markers. Results: The results showed that the niosomes containing rutin and quercetin had suitable particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Additionally, they demonstrated good levels of encapsulation and drug loading efficiency. The administration of rutin and quercetin-loaded niosomes resulted in a substantial enhancement in insulin resistance, lipid profile, adipokine levels, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress indicators when compared to the control and obesity groups. In conclusion, the results emphasize the effectiveness of niosomal delivery methods in specifically targeting various pathophysiological pathways associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. This opens new possibilities for innovative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of this condition.