Risk Factors and Causes of Acute Kidney Injury A retrospective study.

Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a significant health concern worldwide, characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function.

Objectives: aimed to identify the risk factors and causes of AKI in 100 patients. This article presents the findings of this comprehensive study, providing insights into the epidemiology and underlying causes of AKI in this population.

Study design:  A retrospective study.

Duration and place of study. Department of Nephrology Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar during six months from 05-January to 05-July, 2020.

Methods:

The study was a retrospective analysis of 100 patients diagnosed with AKI at LRH Peshawar between January and July 2020. Data was collected from medical records, including patient demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, underlying conditions, and outcomes. The study adhered to ethical guidelines, ensuring patient confidentiality and data integrity.

Results:The study analyzed data from 100 patients, revealing the following key findings Demographics the majority of patients were male (60%) with an average age of 55 years Clinical Presentations: Common symptoms included oliguria (45%), edema (30%), and fatigue (25%) Laboratory Findings: Average serum creatinine was 3.2 mg/dL, and average blood urea nitrogen was 45 mg/dL. Underlying Conditions: The most prevalent underlying conditions were hypertension (40%), diabetes mellitus (35%), and sepsis (25%) Outcomes: Recovery was noted in 60% of cases, while 20% progressed to chronic kidney disease, and 20% resulted in mortality

Conclusion:

This study identified hypertension, diabetes, and sepsis as significant risk factors for Acute Kidney Injury. Early identification and management of these conditions are crucial for reducing AKI incidence and improving patient outcomes in the Peshawar population.

Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, Risk Factors, Causes