An Insight about SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Abstract

Several different zoonotic viruses cause acute respiratory tract infections in western and developing countries. Annually, there are an estimated one billion zoonotic positive cases every year, and up to millions of deaths yearly. In comparison to SARSCoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 has an evolutionary gain of Furin cleavage site (FCS) on the S protein. Infection caused by this virus can be spread with contact/droplet, airborne, and fomite transmission, along with other methods of transmission. Contact and droplet transmission is spread with respiratory droplets through coughs, sneezes, and talks with infected people. Touching contaminated surfaces and then eyes, nose or mouth, can lead to fomite transmission. Fomite of liable SARS-CoV-2 virus or RNA analyzed with RT-PCR has shown that SARSCoV-2 can be found on these surfaces for hours to days, depending on the environment (humidity and temperature). In the first few first months of 2021, vaccines have been developed and rapid vaccination is happening, although limitations of doses slowdowns the process of developing herd immunity. However, patients who need acute treatment get immunosuppressives, such as dexamethasone, prednisolone, or other types of glucocorticoids. If the course of the disease is severe, treatment with antiviral remdesivir can be given.