An Overview About Adiponectin and Correlation with Hypertension

Abstract

Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid protein that is mostly produced by adipose tissue. It serves as an anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and vasculoprotective cytokine. Adiponectin has been extensively investigated in relation to lipoprotein metabolism, whose dysregulation is known as dyslipidemia. Increased triglycerides, free fatty acids, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are frequently indicators of obesity. Endometrial dysfunction, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and other complications of metabolic syndrome, as well as the onset and progression of cancer, may all be primarily caused by obesity-related deregulated adiponectin production. The sympathetic nervous system's activation, endothelial dysfunction (caused by an increase in free fatty acids and oxidative stress), and aberrant adipokine synthesis are a few of the mechanisms that contribute to the link between obesity and hypertension. Adiponectin levels are decreased in adults with hypertension. In comparison to lean and normotensive people, it was discovered that obese people with hypertension had lower levels of total adiponectin. Blood pressure is coordinated by adiponectin using endothelium and brain-controlled pathways. We are witnessing a continuous rise in the prevalence of obesity and hypertension. Both disorders are predominant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and the latter is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity may induce hypertension through multiple mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, RAS hyperactivation, SNS overdrive, and renal-pressure natriuresis impairment.