Overview of Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Clinical Features and Management

Abstract

Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is a challenging condition, requiring a multimodal approach for both diagnosis and treatment. Malignant bile duct strictures are usually due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.  The diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction involves a combination of clinical assessment, diagnostic imaging, tissue sampling, and minimally invasive options, with the primary aim of identifying candidates for curative resection. The most common causes of obstruction are pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, and most cases are too advanced for surgical options. Palliative options for biliary drainage, such as covered stents, bare metal stents, and plastic stents, are provided by interventional radiologists and gastroenterologists. This article offers an updated review of the clinical features and options for the management of MBO.