The Effect of the Extraction Method on the Composition of Essential Oils of Bulruch (Scirpus Maritimus) and Antifungal Activity Against Fomitiporia Medirterranea

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils from leaves and fruits of Scirpus maritimus collected in Eastern Algeria, was extracted by hydrodistillation (HS) and supercritical fluid extraction (CO2–SFE) followed by a GC-MS analyze. The chemical composition of essential oil present in leaves and fruits of Scirpus maritimus showed the presence of 80 chemical compounds. The essential oil obtained is particularly rich in olefinic, oxygenated monoterpenes, and sesquiterpene. Mainly quantitative differences were observed between the essential oils from leaves and fruits extracted by the two extraction methods. The major components identified in leaf extracts obtained by CO2–SFE and HS were the α-pinene (11.6% and 10.9%) and limonene (9.5% and 11.9%). For fruit, mycene is the major component (29.1% and 10%) obtained by CO2–SFE and by HS, respectively. Monoterpenes were dominant in both extracts (77.4 and 25.1%).

The study of antifungal activity of different extracts which was conducted on the fungal agent that caused wood rot of the vine, Fomitiporia medirterranea, revealed interesting properties that could be valued as biofungicide. The results obtained showed that the essential oil obtained by CO2–SFE and from fruits caused a relatively high rate of inhibition. This rate increased with duration and applied dose.