Tumor Necrosis Factor on Cellular and Humoral Immunity among End Stage Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

The burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on the world's health system is rising quickly. Low- and middle-income nations are disproportionately affected by the inability to provide care for many individuals who are at risk of and in need of treatment for ESKD. Similar to individuals with other types of acquired immune deficiencies or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, patients with chronic renal failure are at significant risk for developing infectious problems. Multiple factors, including uraemic intoxication, altered renal protein metabolism, and particular side effects of renal replacement treatment, all contribute to secondary immune failure in uraemia. Infections still rank as the second most common cause of death, and they are frequently detected in uraemic patients. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its corresponding receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) mediate developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in many organ systems. The ligands and receptors in TNF superfamilies form communication pathways between many different cell types.The aim of the present study was to review TNF on cellular and humoral immunity among end stage kidney disease patients.