Biocatalytic Hydrolysis of Triglycerides Using a Plant Lipase Extracted from Oil Seeds

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydrolytic activity of a lipase extracted from a vegetable source and more precisely, that found in oilseeds. The first step was chosen the vegetable source which gave a maximum lipase activity. After screening, the crude enzyme extract underwent partial purification. In the second step, the effects of certain physico-chemicals parameters on the lipase activity have been studied. The analysis of the influence of the operating conditions (pH, temperature, the concentration of the substrate “triglycerides” and the concentration of enzyme) on the initial rate of the lipase enzymatic reaction is an essential step in any enzymatic study. Among four vegetable sources analyzed quantitatively by an enzymatic assay, castor seeds "Ricinus communis L", have a significant catalytic power compared to other sources and a stability of activity. These seeds are well adapted to our study. The effects of physico-chemical agents on the hydrolysis of olive oil using partially purified enzyme fractions of ricin lipase "Ricinus communis L" show that the neutral pH 7.0±0.055 and the temperature 40 ±0.056 °C were the most favorable to catalyze 3.8 10^-2 M of the substrate using 0.6 g of enzyme. Enzymatic hydrolysis using Ricinus communis L lipase gave a hydrolysis yield of 58% for a period of 30 min. The K_M and V_M values of the partially purified lipase for triglycerides hydrolysis were found to be 0.016 M and 90.9 µmol/min.