Screening of Various Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics (Non-Medicated & Medicated) and Packaged Food Items for Selected Bacterial and Fungal Strains Collected from Different Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

The research study aims to investigate and analyze bacterial and fungal strains isolated from non-medicated cosmetics, medicated cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Samples from various brands of these products were collected from District Peshawar, District Swabi, District Mardan and District Bannu and subjected to microbiological examination using standard methods. The isolation process involved inoculating the samples onto specific culture media such as nutrient agar, broth, MSA (Mannitol Salt Agar), MacConkey agar, and SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar). The plates were then observed after an incubation period of 3 days, with yeast and molds cultured at 25°C and bacteria at 32.5°C. Morphological characterization of the colonies was done by examining their appearance, while microscopic characterization involved Gram staining and biochemical tests. The study revealed the presence of different bacterial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Actinomycetes, as well as fungal strains. These findings highlight the need for strict safety regulations in the manufacturing and handling of these products. Contamination resulting from improper practices can have severe consequences on human health and the overall quality of these products. Moreover, the study suggests the potential of these isolated strains for further exploration. By understanding their characteristics and capabilities, they could be utilized to improve both human health and environmental aspects. This implies that future research should focus on harnessing the beneficial properties of these isolates. In conclusion, the research study emphasizes the importance of ensuring the safety and quality of non-medicated cosmetics, medicated cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. The identification and characterization of bacterial and fungal strains provide valuable insights for developing and implementing stricter regulations in the industry. Additionally, further investigations can explore the potential applications of these isolates to enhance health and environmental conditions.