Sustainable Livelihoods of Farming Herdsmen and Household-Level Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment and the Effect Tobacco Consumption in High-Frigid Ecological Vulnerable Region of the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract

Improving farmers' livelihood diversity is the best way to address livelihood vulnerability and fragile ecological environments．In this study, we used participatory rural appraisal (PRA) multinomial logistic regression models to analyze the affect farmers' conversion effect of farmers' livelihood strategies in northern Tibet. The results indicated(1) that farmers' livelihood capital is relatively low and that the Human capital was the lowest, Results There is considerable difference between in northern Tibet.(2)farmers' livelihood capital and farmers' livelihood diversity differed in their livelihood strategies.(3) human capital was the key factor affecting the transformation of livelihood diversity and farmers' livelihood strategy; the amount of household labor, Education level of labor force, The possibility that relatives and friends can help, Availability of government policy support were the most important factors affect farmers' conversion effect of farmers' livelihood strategies, Improving farmers' livelihood diversity. percapita grassland area, grassland quality restrained affect farmers' conversion effect of farmers' livelihood diversity in northern Tibet.(4)In recent years, the expenditures of farmers and herdsmen in northern Tibet on alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption have been continuously reduced. The health risks and medical expenditures of farmers and herdsmen have been relatively reduced. This reduction is related to the increase in health risk awareness and health of farmers and herdsmen. Propaganda is more relevant. Finally, we propose policy changes and suggestions for improving livelihood Level and regional ecological environment in northern Tibet.