Complications of Ilizarov Technique: Review Article

Abstract

Background: Many complications may arise during the long course of treatment with the Ilizarov technique. Most are preventable or correctable and will not interfere with successful results of treatment. Muscle contractures are usually a result of tension generated on the muscle due to distraction. They tend to occur in the overpowering muscle groups. The most common predisposing factor is preexisting joint instability. Even in the absence of preoperative instability, the imbalanced muscle tension that develops during lengthening may lead to subluxation. Occasionally a hematoma will form and may lead to a compartment syndrome. If this is recognized during surgery, prophylactic fasciotomy should be performed. If postoperatively clinical examination and pressure measurements should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.Urgent fasciotomy is carried out on the involved compartments. Premature Consolidation is most commonly diagnosed as a failure of the osteotomy to open after the initiation of distraction. In the majority of cases, the problem is an incomplete osteotomy rather than premature consolidation. Premature consolidation, when it does occur, is usually due to an excessive latency period, allowing significant callus healing to block the distraction of the osteotomy. The wires can be seen to bow, with their convex sides facing each other on opposite sides of the osteotomy