Tobacco Regulatory Science (TRS)

Quantitative History and Significance in Historical Studies

Mohamed Ali Lamine Hamdani et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to provide an overview of the quantitative historical methodology and its importance in historical research, especially in the fields of economic and social studies. It seeks to clarify the importance of quantitative history in understanding historical phenomena, and to emphasize its connection with economic and social aspects. The study also highlights the main tools used in quantitative history, such as digital sources and data, including tables and other forms. It delves into ways to harness and manipulate this data for the purposes of historical research.

The Islamic Doctrines in the Islamic Maghreb: A Reading on the Call and Spread from the 2nd Century AH/5th Century AD to the 8th Century AH/11th Century AD

Gheraissa Ammar et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study of the dissemination of ideas holds great significance in the history of nations. It carries multiple implications regarding the mentalities of societies and their intellectual resilience, shedding light on the key factors contributing to this phenomenon. Islamic doctrines represent essential aspects of thought, given their connection to the sanctity of religion, emphasizing the prohibition of tampering with its principles and the necessity of a correct understanding of its rulings in line with the requirements of historical stages.

This article explores, through a historical study, the spread of major Islamic doctrines in the Islamic Maghreb, aiming to provide insight into Maghrebian societies and their engagement with Eastern-originated Islamic doctrines. The objective is to understand the significant elements influencing this relationship.

Advancements in Tobacco Drying: The Efficacy of Indirect Smart Solar Dryers for Fruits and Vegetables

Amel Benbott et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the use of Indirect Smart Solar Dryers (ISSD) for tobacco drying in Algeria, addressing challenges faced by farmers due to climatic changes and traditional drying methods. The ISSD, an innovative approach combining solar energy and smart technology, aims to enhance drying efficiency and quality while reducing environmental impacts. The dryer features temperature and humidity sensors, UV lamps, and automatic control systems. This study assesses its performance against conventional sun-drying methods, focusing on moisture content reduction and temperature management. Results indicate that ISSD significantly reduces drying time and maintains quality, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for tobacco and potentially other agricultural products. The study underscores the potential of integrating clean energy and advanced technology in agricultural practices.

The Orientalists and Prophetic Biography: The Example of Spanish Orientalism

Mellakh Abdeldjalil et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Some define "Prophetic Biography" as the specialised field of study that examines the life of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, from his birth to his death. It includes everything that happened in his life and everything that revolved around him. The Prophetic Biography also explains the prophetic miracles and the revelation. Another scholar further specified it by saying, "The Prophetic Biography is a field of study that deals with the life of the Prophet from his birth in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year of the elephant until his death in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal in the eleventh year of the Hijrah. It includes the Prophet's upbringing, his life before and after marriage, before and after prophethood and the Message, his actions before and after prophethood, as well as his miracles and his character as a prophet, leader, husband, father and grandfather. It includes all aspects of his life, day and night, awake and asleep, living and travelling, in sickness and in health, whether in Makkah, the blessed city, or in the city to which he emigrated by Allah's guidance and where he was buried after his death.

At a time when the pens of the narrators and writers of the Prophetic biography were focused on compiling and transmitting its details through an unbroken chain of narrators, including the Companions and those who came after them, we find that during a period of weakness of the Islamic Ummah and the onslaught of Western powers on its territories, heritage and civilisation, Western historians, writers, religious figures and intellectuals dedicated themselves - and continue to do so - to studying the Prophetic biography and delving into its details. They are commonly referred to as Orientalists who specialise in writing about Eastern civilisation, especially Islamic civilisation. The term "Orientalism" has different interpretations. Who are the Orientalists? Can it be generalised to include anyone who writes about the East, even before Islam and up to the present day? Can non-Muslims from the East, such as Christians and Jews, be considered part of the Orientalist category? Orientalism has evolved and developed different schools and methodologies. The "Spanish Orientalist School" is considered one of the most important and early schools in the emergence of Orientalism, especially considering that the geography of the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus, embraced Islam and its civilisation for eight centuries, and its heritage remains in the hands of Spanish Orientalists to this day, stored in libraries, manuscript centres, Spanish universities and institutes. The Spanish school of Orientalism showed interest in the biography of the Prophet, although not to the same extent as other schools of Orientalism. Its initial approach was hostile to all things Arab and Muslim, and the censorship courts helped to shape this image. More recently, however, there has been a relative change in perspective.

The Spanish Orientalists were no different in their scepticism about the prophethood. They began by questioning whether Muhammad was illiterate and tried to prove that he was not.

Then they resorted to fabricating lies, claiming that since he could read and write, he must have had access to and borrowed from the religions and cultures that preceded him and incorporated them into the Qur'an. Furthermore, as many Orientalists argue, they concluded that Muhammad claimed prophethood because of mental disorders and epileptic seizures that affected his ability to distinguish between his normal consciousness and altered states of consciousness.

Knowledge industry for children

Bahoun Ali Said et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The acquisition and production of knowledge is currently a crucial goal for countries aspiring to leadership and progress, both in the present and in the future. Starting from childhood in this field is considered a fundamental step towards sustainable development. The children's knowledge industry is characterised by efforts to prepare children scientifically and skilfully so that they are able to adapt to their environment, engage in quality production, provide the necessary added value and face constantly evolving challenges. This industry manifests itself in the educational content and its alignment with the indicators of the knowledge economy, as well as in the abundance of cultural products in the environment that are suitable for children of different stages and age groups. It is also based on the investment climate and specialised scientific research in the field, as well as the level of cooperation with leading institutions.

Intercalation and Complexation of Ni (II) by Schiff Base Ligands Incorporated into Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

Yasmina Benaidja et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A novel complexes Ni(II) Schiff base N, N' -bis(salicylidene)-3,4-diaminobenzoic, denoted (Ni (LH)) has been synthesised and characterised by UV, IR and XRD then Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated by Ni (LH) complex were prepared by co-precipitation and reconstruction of a mixed oxide catalyst (Mg-AlC).The characteristics of the modified LDH -Ni(LH) were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric (TGA) and BET surface area . The IR spectral study of Ni(LH) complex showed that the metal ion coordinate through the two nitrogen atoms of the azomethine group and the two oxygen atoms of the deprotonated hydroxyl group of the salicyaldehyde moiety, in addition the IR spectral study of modified LDH -Ni(LH) indicated that most of the interlayer carbonate anions were replaced by Ni(LH) anions to form LDH-Ni(LH) and we see the rebuilding of the LDH phase after intercalation.

Measuring the Impact of Export Diversification on Economic Growth in Algeria During the Period 1995-2022

Ghafouri Habiba Mounet Errahmane et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to measure the impact of export diversification on economic growth in Algeria during the period (1995-2022), using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology to estimate the dynamic relationship between the independent variables represented by export diversification, trade openness, capital, labor, exchange rate, and economic growth in both the short and long terms. The study found a significant and meaningful short and long-term causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth, with the remaining variables in the study showing no significance. These results suggest the ineffectiveness of capital, labor, exchange rate, and export diversification as tools to stimulate economic growth.

Analysis of the Effect of Parameters on Fracture Toughness of Bioplastic-Based Starch Reinforcements in Washintonia Fiber and Date Palm Fiber Using Taguchi Method

Rabie Karek et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, Washingtonian and date palm fibers of different lengths and weights were used as reinforcement materials for starch-based bioplastics, and then the Toughness module of the manufactured samples was measured. It has been discovered that composites reinforced with Washingtonia fibers have greater continuity of Toughness module and resistance compared to composites reinforced with date palm fibers. The difference becomes more apparent when compared to the starch matrix, as the Toughness module of the composites reinforced with Washingtonian fibers improved by 2.3 compared to the starch matrix (Biop). As for the composites reinforced with date palm fiber, it improved by 1.64 compared to the starch matrix (Biop). The Taguchi method was applied to optimize the fiber length, and fiber weight ratio, of bioplastic starch-based fiber reinforced composite. The effect of fiber weight percentage at three levels (2, 5, and 8 wt%) and fiber length at three levels (5, 15, and 25 mm) on fracture toughness was studied using L9 orthogonal arrays. Optimal conditions were found with 2 wt% fiber and 5 mm fiber length. The fracture toughness under optimal conditions was 32,7944 kJ/m2 for specimens reinforced with Washingtonian fibers (BWS2), and the value reached 23,8722 kg/m2 for specimens reinforced with date palm fibers (BPS2).

Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Behavior of Bituminous Mixture with Waste Oil and Tire Rubber

Khelifi Mostefa et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The bituminous mixture of flexible pavement subjected to complex stresses such as traffic load and climatic conditions due to daily and seasonal variations causes damage to the surface course. On the other hand, the incorporation of several alternative materials, such as waste cooking oil (WCO), waste engine oil (WEO), and crumb tire rubber (CTR), into bituminous mixtures to improve their performance. This research aims to study the effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of bituminous mixtures with WEO or WCO combined with reacted and activated rubber (RAR) using the Fénix test at different temperatures (0, 5, 10, and 25°C). The results showed that the bituminous mixture with (AB-WRCO) has higher maximum strength (RT) values than the bituminous mixture with (AB-WREO) at all temperatures tested. While the fracture energy was higher at 5 and 10 °C for AB-WRCO and AB-WREO, respectively, Furthermore, these alternative solutions involve attaining economic benefits and preparing an eco-friendly asphalt pavement.

The Functions of Sub-Systems of the Family Structure

Dr. Nawal Bacha et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The family is a fertile field of knowledge that has attracted the attention of researchers in the humanities and social sciences, both in terms of function and roles and in terms of composition and structure. The family structure has been exposed to change and renewal over the ages due to social change and cultural contact. As a result, several types and differences in the family structure have emerged, forming systems that reflect the nature of the social context of the family. In this research paper, we will discuss the concept of the family structure and its sub-systems, as well as its function.

The Use of Substances among Children Settings in Algeria in the School Environment: Status-Quo, Prevention, and Treatment

Meriem Djeffal et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper aims at making a program that raises awareness about, and prevents, the use substance and addiction by schoolchildren. Besides, it shall shed light on the main therapeutic methods. It is a scientific contribution that helps the educational stakeholders make a fast intervention to prevent this phenomenon that horribly penetrated the school milieu. In this regard, the annual reports of who officially confirm the spread of drugs and their addiction in schools because the drug dealers promote for their goods in the school to take advantage of the vulnerability and immaturity of the schoolchildren. Besides, the Algerian Health Ministry and the Organization for Combatting Crime and Corruption launched alerts. Therefore, the researchers must provide the stakeholders with scientific data based on the nature of the society and psychology of the Algerian child and adolescent to limit the rapid spread of use substance and addiction behavior.

Schools of Thought among Scholars Regarding the Consideration of the Aims of the Responsible in Actions

Dr. Abdelkader Amamra et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper deals with the different perspectives of scholars regarding the consideration of the objectives of the responsible in actions. It does so by defining the objectives of individuals, presenting evidence of their consideration as a whole, discussing the different views of scholars on this issue, presenting the evidence of each group, determining the most convincing view, and highlighting the main findings of the study.

Linguistic Preparation and the Development of the Arabic Language

Kahala Kaddour et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Linguistic preparation ( or aménagement linguistique is a new science. However, its origins go back to the Prague School linguists and the owners of the Sociology School of Linguistics. It is still developing. This science is used in the field of terminological needs associated with technological advancement.whose goal is to develop languages. It is particularly concerned with the creation or regulation of the Basic Law of Languages, which includes other types of laws such as constitutional law, and regulatory law, that is: concerned with the use of a language and its actual and real presence in Public life, in administrative life, and in the educational field, and using them in exams... etc. This scientific article sheds light on this new science in order to introduce it, by showing its fields, most important objectives, foundations, methods, and results.

First-Principle Calculations of the Fundamental Properties of Zno Binary Compound

Abdelghani Lakel et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The oxide zinc (ZnO) nanostructure are studied by the first-principle computational within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). We studied the structural and electronic for the three phases: wurtzite (B4), zincblende (B3) and rocksalt (B1) of ZnO compound have been reported using the full‐potential linearized‐augmented plane‐wave (FP‐LAPW) method is applied to solve the Kohn-Sham equations. We employed both the local‐density approximation (LDA) and the generalized‐gradient approximation (GGA), which is based on exchange–correlation energy optimization to calculate the total energy. Also, we have used the Engel Vosko-GGA formalism, which optimizes the corresponding potential for band‐structure calculations. The calculated lattice parameters and internal coordinates are in very good agreement with the experimental findings. The band structure and Density of States (DOS) diagrams are plotted from the calculated equilibrium lattice parameters. A comparison with the previous studies has been made.

Photovoltaic Solar Water Pumping by Predictive Control of Induction Motor

Zakaria Lammouchi et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The advantages of using the photovoltaic system for water pumping are easy assembly and installation of components, low maintenance and noise-free operation. This paper deals with the design and control of photovoltaic (PV) system interconnected with a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) and a motor-pump assembly. this work also focuses on demonstrating the efficiency and performance of Predictive control (FS-MPC). An incremental conductance (InC) modified with the flow-rate power control is proposed to exploit maximum power from a PV array, which is eligible to regulate the flow rate corresponding to desired flow , high gain observer (HGO) has been utilized to estimate the mechanical and magnetic states , which uses only the measured stator currents and control voltage. Results of simulation studies demonstrate that robustness and efficiency of the system are maintained under any insolation level.

Issues and Difficulties with Digital Currency in IAS/IFRS Accounting

Necira Bilal et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to address the problems and challenges faced by the accounting treatment of digital currencies under the IAS/IFRS standards. The accounting recording of this type of currency has found it very difficult to focus on dealing with it because it is not accounted for despite technological and digital development in accounting. This research paper concluded, inter alia, that there are no accounting standards for accounting for digital currencies, and that States and Governments have not enacted any laws against the illegal practices of digital currencies.

Ocurrence of Mites and Parasitic Lice of the European Starling in Living in Olive-Growing Regions of Ouedsmar (Algiers, Algeria)

Hassiba Berraï et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Wild birds existing in proximity to cities have potential to disease dispersal and could be reservoir for different zoonosis. Our goal was identify parasites from starlings, in olive-growing regions of OuedSmar (Algiers). A total of 32 Starlings trapped (December 2018 - January 2019), yielded 371 ectoparasitic, belonging to two groups with 8 species. (1) Bloodsucking mites (class Arachnids, order Astigmata) four families Trouessartiidae, Proctophyllodidae, Analgidae, Parasitidae (2) Bird lice Mallophagi two families Menoponidae and Philopteridae. Measurements and statistical calculation showed: Lengths (millimetres) Myrsidea sp. (males 2.94 ± 6.02, females 4.24 ± 8.37, larvae 1.55 ± 4.17, nymphs 0.22 ± 0.64). Brueelianebulosa (males 0.37 ± 0.79, females 0.63 ± 1.15, larvae 0.17 ± 0.37). Menacanthus sp. (females 1.15 ± 0.00, larvae 0.37 ± 0.00). Sturnidoecussturni (males 0.48 ± 0.39, females 0.69 ± 0.56, nymphs 0.18 ± 0.00). Trouesartiidea sp. (males 0.27 ± 0.90, larvae 0.28 ± 0.00). Prevalence Trouessartiidae sp. (males) 84.4% (dominant species gender). Following Analgidae sp. (males, and females) 46.9%, Myrsidea sp. (females, males and larvae), and Trouessartiidae sp. (females). Brueelianebulosa (females) 25%, (males) 21.9%, (larvae) 9.4%; Myrsidea sp. (nymphs), Proctophyllodidae sp. and Sturnidoecussturni (nymphs) 6.3% correspondingly. General Linear Model Proctophyllodidae sp. (female) α < 0.0001, Myrsidea sp. α < 0.0001, Trouessartiidae sp. α < 0.001, Menacanthus sp. α < 0.001 and Sturnidoecussturni α < 0.05. So far we are aware this is the first report on mites and lice parasitizing starlings in Algeria.

The Reality of the Quality of Life Within the Social Dimensions of Sustainable Development in Algeria "2005-2023"

Bouabdelli Abdelhamid et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper aims to endeavor to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of both sustainable development and the distinctive dimensions thereof. Additionally, it delves into concepts related to the quality of life, intimately connected to the social dimension of sustainable development. Moreover, it addresses the reality that distinguishes Algeria in the realm of the social dimension of sustainable development and the varied outcomes reached. The improvement in indicators of education, health, unemployment levels, and human development is considered an attainment of a certain level of sustainable development goals. However, this fell short of realizing the desired levels of quality of life, a benchmark that advanced nations have significantly surpassed.

Assessing the Impact of New Public Management on Performance in Improvement in Public Administration: A Case Studies of Mongolia and Netherlands

Zobeidi Mekki et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The advent of New Public Management (NPM) has revolutionized the principles and practices governing governance structures, advocating for a more decentralized, performance-oriented approach within the public sector. While prior research has delved into the theoretical foundations and implications of NPM, a gap exists in understanding its precise impact on the overall performance of public sector entities. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between NPM practices and performance improvement, focusing on Netherlands and Mongolia's unique political and economic context. The findings from Mongolia case study show that the positive outcomes included improved efficiency, enhanced accountability, and quality service delivery in areas such as healthcare and education. However, challenges like cultural resistance, capacity constraints, monitoring and evaluation issues, and corruption vulnerabilities were also identified. For Netherlands case study, The Dutch experience with New Public Management (NPM) highlights efficiency gains, enhanced service quality, and innovative practices, but also underscores challenges such as equity concerns, potential democratic accountability issues, and the importance of a nuanced, context-specific approach for effective public administration. This research serves as a catalyst for further inquiry into the intricacies of NPM implementation in the developmental trajectories of developing economies.

Parenting Styles and their Relationship with Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence in Secondary School Adolescents

Larous Zouina et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims to investigate the nature of the relationship between parental treatment styles and their relationship with self-esteem and self-confidence in secondary school adolescents. The study adopted a descriptive correlational approach and was conducted on a sample of secondary school students. The research used the Parental Treatment Styles Scale developed by Abed Abdullah Al-Nafii and the Psychological Compatibility Scale developed by Zainab Shaqeer. After collecting the data, it was processed and analysed statistically using SPSS software for social sciences.

Bridges and Differences: The General Framework of Intertextuality in the Perspectives of Arab and Western Critics

Haigoune Oussama et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the phenomenon of intertextuality in literature from the perspectives of both Arab and Western critics, shedding light on the concept, characteristics, and mechanisms of linking various texts through common themes that enhance interaction between literary works and deepen cultural understanding. It combines rational and artistic aspects to demonstrate the interplay of ideas and emotions. The article illustrates the extent to which intertextuality serves as a means to enrich the literary experience and enhance the multifaceted understanding of texts.

Experimental Study of Failures of Air Conditioners System Tram in Desert Areas by Applying Preventive Maintenance (Using Reliability Lows)

K. Lemnaouer et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Preventive maintenance is considered the health record of industrial machines and transport vehicles in the world of industry because of its contribution to always protecting these machines and vehicles. Therefore, a tight preventive maintenance plan must always be developed to ensure reliability stability. This article aims to solve the problem of complete failure of the air conditioning (AC) system in trams in the desert region of Algeria, in the context of high temperatures, which resulted in the loss of many passengers and a significant drop in company income. Reliability laws will be applied to the way being obstructed as a result of an error applied in the welding process, which led to the ACHAPS shutdown of the air conditioning system, since the average reliability percentage was 59.01% before fixing the problem and became 81.73% after fixing the problem.

Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Bio-Functionalized Ag/Ag2O Nanoparticles, Characterization, Optical and Their Potential Anti-Oxidants Activities

Mohamed Bilal Goudjil et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, green synthesis of silver/ silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag/Ag₂O NPs) was achieved by bio-reduction of silver nitrate using Mentha Piperita plant leaves extract.The effect of different silver nitrate concentrations on the formation ofsilver nanoparticleswas studied. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The antioxidant activity of samples was evaluated using three methods: the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrirylhydrazil), the FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test. UV-Vis spectra showed maximum absorption in the range of 253–300 nm related to the silver. FTIR spectra exhibit a weak peak at 565 cm^-1 attributed to silver NPs vibration, confirming the nanoparticles formation. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of (Ag/Ag₂O NPs) with an average size ranged in 31–42 nm. SEM showed that the green synthesizing silver nanoparticles having in general as cubical shape. Among the examined extracts, (Ag/Ag₂O NPs) with 1g concentration showed the highest antioxidant activity with value of 2.749, 21.60 and 18.69 mg/ml for DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively. Consequently, the use of peppermint leaves extract offers a convenient, rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to other methods. The research findings from the various assays measuring antioxidant capacity clearly demonstrate that the silver nanoparticles produced by M. Piperita possess potent natural antioxidant properties that are beneficial for preserving health.

Enhancing Shear Resistance of Dune Sand with Perforated Geotextile Reinforcement

Goudjil Ishak et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study evaluates the shear resistance gain of dune sands reinforced by a geotextile. The reinforcing geotextile is regularly perforated and inserted to provide a fictitious 'cohesion' to the latter. The shear resistance test of the sand, before and after geotextile addition, is perceived through parameterised triaxial tests.

The results showed a gain in 'cohesion' of the sand-geotextile compound up to 380 kPa. However, the internal friction weakens by 16% compared to the sand alone. The optimal pattern of the perforated geotextile has also been identified based on the required shear strength characteristics. The optimisation of the perforation pattern of the geotextile introduced into the sand makes it possible to reduce the surface area of the geotextile used by almost half.

Moreover, the analytical examination of the obtained results makes it possible to predict the values of the 'cohesion' and the friction of the sand-geotextile compound according to the sand used and the chosen pattern of the perforated geotextile.The correlation between experimental results and predicted values exceeds 98%.

Reinforcement of Aeolian Sand by Perforated Geotextile for Road Foundations

Mohammed Abdallah TALBI et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Roads are one of the most important infrastructures in the modern world. These are built for social, strategic, urban and economic purposes. Dune sand is available at a low cost throughout the North African Sahara, but it is rarely used as a construction material. In addition, the scarcity of noble materials used in road pavement has led to search for other alternatives, such as dune sand. The purpose of this study is to exploit the abundant aeolian sand by reinforcing it with perforated geotextile for use in road foundation layers. The use of perforated geotextile is to enhance its entanglement with the sand and reduce the amount required. This study also aims to evaluate the bearing capacity (CBR) of the sand/geotextile compound. The sand was tested alone using the CBR test and then with the addition of a geotextile layer. This study involves creating holes with varying diameters and spacing between them in order to evaluate the effect of perforating the geotextile on the bearing capacity of the reinforced sand. The results of the experimental tests demonstrate a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the compound (sand/geotextile) as measured by the CBR index. This index increases up to four times that of sand alone and reaches 84.7% of that of a tuff commonly used in the study region. The amount of geotextile used is reduced by up to 50.24%. Regression analysis provided an empirical relationship between the bearing capacity (CBR) of the compound, the grain size of the sand, and the perforation pattern of the geotextile. This contributes to the indirect evaluation of the CBR index of the composite material.

Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Material and Dimensions on the Mechanical Behaviour of Total Hip Prosthesis

Ali Benhaoua et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this work is to analyze by numerical simulation based on the finite element method, the in-vitro mechanical behavior of a total hip prosthesisfor four different femoral head diameters: 22.2; 28.0; 32.0 and 36.0 mm, with a constant thickness of 50.0 mm of acetabular cup and for three different pairs of biomaterials (head-cup): 316L/UHMWPE; 316L/PP virgin and 316L/PP extruded. In this context, the extruded polypropylene acetabularcupsare machined from a solid-state extruded polypropylene (PP) block using the Equal Channel Angular Extrusion(ECAE) process.Thus, this analysis will determine the stresses generated by the body to choose a mechanical behavior of prosthesis and a couple of materials that offer better bio-functionality. It will also highlight the effects of the internal diameter of the cup and the nature of the biomaterials used for the functioning and reliability of the prosthesis studied.The obtained results allowed us to evaluate the distribution of stresses and deformations by comparing the amplitude and location of the hot spot of the analyzed cases. These results demonstrate that the couple material 316L/UHMWPE, for the 36.0 mmfemoral head, indicates a better stress-strain distribution at the acetabularcup in comparison to those presented by the other two pairs of materials and extruded for the other three diameters. This can be attributed to the fact of the increase in the ductility of the material and in internal diameter that will tend to increase the surface contact and consequently decrease the pressures exerted between the head and the cup, thus it delays the appearance of wear and increasing the life of the acetabularcup.

Artificial Intelligence and its Applications in the Fields of Psychology

Benameur Zakiya — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial intelligence has become a rapidly evolving field, it includes a set of intelligent computer-based programs and systems with the aim of detection, investigation, reasoning, communication and other goals that allowed access to smart knowledge, which have become the important strategies that scientific research seeks to use in various fields and disciplines, including psychology, through the creation of technological means, which may be an alternative to traditional psychological tools in order to invest them to raise efficiency and quality in the development of various fields of this specialty, such as personal and therapeutic tools for various psychological and mental problems and disorders in all age groups of children, adolescents and adults, in addition to improving the methods of care and education of children with special needs and written and spoken language disorders and others, thus improving psychological and mental health.

Identifying Factors Affecting the Incidence of Chronic Diseases in Algeria

Hachem Amel et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, we will shed light on chronic diseases which are one of the most common diseases in the world, as a result of the serious complications that result from them, such as motor and visual disability or sometimes even death. This intervention comes to provide a picture of the factors influencing the incidence of chronic diseases in Algeria through the use of a binary logistic regression model in order to extract the most important social, demographic and economic factors influencing the incidence of chronic diseases. In this research, we relied on the database of the Sixth Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2019).Therefore, The results of the study showed that social and economic factors have an impact on the incidence of chronic diseases, and gender, place of residence, and educational level are considered the most important demographic factors.

Anthropometric Measurements and their Relation to Physical Fitness among Middle School Students Males (11-15) Years Old -A Field Study in Some Middle Schools of Constantine-

Chahrazed Abdeldjelil et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives: This study aims to identify the relationship between some anthropometric measurements and physical fitness, and to create a reference database for VO2max at the age of (11-15) years among male middle school students.

Methodology: The study included 249 students who were divided into 5 age groups (11-12-13-14-15) years. A set of anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height, skin folds, body fat percentage, and fat-free weight). The students also completed a progressive and maximum test according to the “Leger 1982” method for indirect measurement of VO2max.

Results: The results of this study showed a positive significant relationship between age and each of (weight, height, body fat percentage), on the one hand, and an inverse significant relationship between age and fat-free weight (P<0.05) on the other hand.

The results: for maximum oxygen consumption also showed that the values of the latter were low compared to the results of scientific studies and references, with an inverse significant correlation between age and VO2max (P<0.01). The results also revealed an inverse significant correlation between VO2max and body fat percentage (P<0.01), and a direct correlation between VO2max and fat-free weight (P<0.01).

Abandoning the Obvious in Interpretation and its Implications for Enriching Meaning

Adjdir Nasreddine et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to reveal the hidden ways of explaining the meanings of the Holy Qur'an by using a number of established theories related to deviation from the apparent meanings. The justification lies in uncovering the nuances and meanings that can be extracted from beyond the words, whether within the scope of the linguistic context and consensus, which is known as indicative interpretation, or outside the linguistic context, considering aspects that are supported by generally accepted principles and reinforcements. Anything that the texts do not testify to requires further examination, either by refutation, which requires the presentation of refuting evidence, or by pausing and recognising that the interpreter has reached levels of perfection that are beyond the reach of most observers. It is important to note that in the system of deviating from the obvious, these speculations do not rise to the level intended by the wise legislator.

Illegal Migration

Ben Tarzi Kheireddine et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Various and interconnected phenomena emerge during specific periods, shaped by the circumstances and data that constitute them and according to the circumstances imposed by the reality that humans contribute to forming. Our contemporary historical era is characterized by the diversity and differences of these phenomena. Since the end of World War II, several factors have emerged that threaten human and humanitarian entities due to the multiplicity and overlap of human interests. These problems pose a danger to security and stability, such as environmental pollution, arms race, drugs, terrorism, and especially illegal migration (Haraga), which has worsened and spread since the 1990s to the present, taking new and previously unknown forms.

Illegal migration to Europe has worsened due to the harsh reality experienced by the people of the African continent, including political instability, lack of security, and widespread poverty in most countries on the continent. Algeria, like other Arab countries, has not been immune to this phenomenon. The situation has been exacerbated due to migration from impoverished North Africa, where the northern side is reluctant to receive more migrants.

Administrative Practices for Managing Human Resources in Sports Facilities and Their Role in Improving Sports Practice.A Case Study - The Multi-Sport Complex in Chlef - A Model

Moula Mahi Mourad et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to know the admintrative practise of the human resources management in the sportive facilities and it’s role in the amelioration of the sport practise , A case study - the multi-sport complex in Chlef - a model. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher used the descriptive method by designing a questionnaire consisting of three dimensions.we have used the descriptive approach. The selected sample of the study consisted of (22) members, and In light of this, data were collected and analysed, and hypotheses were tested using (SPSS) by using many Several statistical methods. After statistical treatment, the researcher came to know the strength of the relationship of administrative practices for managing human resources in sports facilities with improving sports practice. The researcher also recommends the necessity of building modern administrative practices according to a modern vision for managing human resources in line with financial resources and placing them under the direct responsibility of the managers of these facilities.

The Economic Costs of Environmental Degradation and Methods to Measure Them

Rezeg Asma et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental deterioration is a gradual process. It is a result of resources mismanagement. Its hazards range from diseases affecting humans, animals, and plants to the destruction of various environmental components, reducing their efficiency or depriving them altogether. This leads to significant economic and social damages. Therefore, the focus of this research paper revolves around the most important quantitative measurement methods for the costs of environmental deterioration. Since it is impossible to eliminate pollution, we also addressed the optimal economic level of environmental pollution. It attempted to reduce the expected damages through balancing between benefits, the amount of pollution, and determining the social cost and the private cost.

Possible Causes of Financial Crises in Emerging Economies: An Empirical Study of Argentina

Abdelkrim Ouahrani et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Financial crises are a global phenomenon, usually associated with significant and persistent declines in economic output, investment, and productivity. The recurring nature of financial crises with the uniqueness of each event makes policy making more complex. In all these traumatic events, macroeconomic fundamentals were severely affected due to institutional and structural weaknesses. In the early 1990s, the world witnessed a series of financial and economic crises mainly affecting the economies of emerging countries, In particular Argentina.

We conducted a standard study using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model for a set of possible macro indicators explaining the 2001 Argentina crisis and its impact on economic growth, based on annual data covering the period from 1980 to 2009. The results indicate that there is a short-term relationship between the variables of the study, we also found a negative impact of all the explanatory variables on economic growth, and this proves the validity of the study.

The Role of Economy in Achieving Civilizational Progress

Haroun Rachid Benmoussa et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The methods of occupation have diversified and their techniques have multiplied, no longer limited to the known traditional weapons. Instead, new and more deadly means have been invented, concealing their true impact under various covers and masks. Controlling the economies of nations is considered one of the modern means of dominance utilized by major powers to extend their influence over weaker countries. This form of occupation may appear as an economic system on the surface, but its core consists of imposed ideologies and beliefs. The Islamic nation, due to its historical and cultural heritage and the responsibility of the message entrusted to it, stands a witness to humanity. These characteristics combined impose on the nation the need to break free from the shackles that bind it and prevent it from achieving progress and advancement, ultimately reaching the status of civilizational witnesses. Thus, the promise of Allah, which is empowerment on Earth, is fulfilled. The primary and most significant obstacle is economic dependency. The renaissance of the nation's civilization begins by liberating itself from this dependency and giving due attention to the economic aspect, restoring it to the rightful place it held in the time of the ancestors. This involves deriving an Islamic economic theory inspired by Islamic heritage and eliminating all forms of economic and intellectual subordination.

Self-Confidence and Achievement Motivation among Visually Impaired University Students

Naoui Bettahar et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between self-confidence and achievement motivation among visually impaired university students. The study sample consisted of 20 male and female students, selected using a comprehensive sampling method. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive approach was followed, and two scales were used to measure the study variables. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study yielded the following results:

- There is a positive correlation between self-confidence and achievement motivation among visually impaired university students.

- There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in terms of self-confidence among visually impaired university students.

- There are statistically significant differences between males and females in terms of achievement motivation among visually impaired university students.

Ecological Restoration and Floristic Diversity of Steppe Vegetation in El Bayadh Province, Algeria

Chelali Ahmed et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This investigation focuses on the floristic composition of steppe vegetation formations in El Bayadh province, situated in the western part of Algeria. Our analysis of floristic diversity uncovered 194 taxa distributed across 37 families and 133 genera. Predominant families encompass Asteraceae (59 species), Brassicaceae (20 species), Poaceae (20 species), and Amaranthaceae (13 species). Identification of 15 regional endemic species further highlights the unique biodiversity of the area. Approximately 7% of the studied flora is deemed rare, with 9 species listed on Algeria’s register of protected non-cultivated plant species. Examination of biological types reveals the prevalence of annual Therophytes (41%) within the flora. The Perturbation Index (PI) measures around 57%, this confirms the presence of the phenomenon of Therophytization. The results of the comparison between the study stations confirm the positive impact of ecological restoration, such as the techniques of exclosure and forage planting, on floral richness compared to the open grazing station.

A Comparative Experimental Study between a Fixed, One, and Two-Axis Tracker Solar Panels in the Sidikhouiled Region (Southern Algeria)

M.L. Benguehza et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Photovoltaic modules or panels are made up of semiconductors that allow sunlight to be directly transformed into electricity. These modules can prove to be a source of energy that is safe, reliable, maintenance-free, and non-polluting for a very long time.

The majority of modules on the market today come with warranties longer than 20 years, and they will perform well beyond that time. In this paper, an experimental study of different solar trackers and their impact on the performances of a photovoltaic module was investigated in SidiKhouiled region, South-East of Algeria,

The results showed that the marginal temperature difference between the one- and two-axis trackers suggests a potential preference for the cost-effective monopolar option. During the period from 12:00 to 13:00, the presence of light, high-type clouds is observed.

Notably, the curves for the one- and two-axis trackers closely align, suggesting the potential exclusion of the more expensive bipolar tracker in favor of the cost-effective monopolar tracker. This decision is based on an economic assessment (LCOE) using SAM software.

Soil Water Content and Grain Yield Relationships in Some Algerian Wheat Varieties

Mohamed R. Berbache et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the semi-arid lands where the climate changes known a disaster impact bring about drought and high temperature, and the water is considered as the limiting factor of yield; the supplementary irrigation can be one of the resolutions. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of five genotypes to dodge from drought and heats impacts. The experimentation was implemented during the seasons 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 at the experimental Algerian Technical Institute for field crops (ITGC) of Setif, Algeria, to determine phenological development length by evaluating varieties with great tolerance expressed by stress tolerance index (STI). Indeed, focusing on water use efficiency (WUE), and determination of the relationships among these parameters in relation to grain yield (GY) and its components of durum wheat. Five varieties, three of which are local were considered under two treatments; pluvial and supplementary irrigation by drip irrigation system. Significant differences were found among varieties in almost all studied parameters with an important effect of temperature on the length of phenological development with the higher value of 2600°C obtained by Mohamed Ben Bachir (MBB). For Boussellam variety a high performance is achieved in grain yield, WUE and STI with a values of 8.2 t.ha-¹,1.5 kg.mm^-1 and 0.19 respectively. The results proved the significance of using thermal time coupling with soil water content (SWC) to investigate models that determine different growth stages and control differently the WUE which has a very strong correlation with GY r=0.96. For STI and GY a negative correlation coefficient of r= -0.64 was recorded. The WUE and STI can be improved in selection programs with the advantage of using local varieties, and can also be controlled by irrigation amount and time which is really interesting at the sowing-emergence and heading anthesis period in order to increase GY.

Digitalisation of public procurement in Algeria

Chaguetmi sihem — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Algerian legislator has adopted a policy of digitalization of public facilities through the implementation of various modern technologies and tools, in order to keep up with technological advances in all fields. The legislator has strongly emphasized the generalization and implementation of digitalization in various forms within public institutions to achieve the modernisation of public institutions. The digitalisation of public procurement is considered one of the most important applications of digitalisation in daily administrative activities.

Psychological Flexibility from the Perspective of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Protective Factor Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Sample of Women Affected by Domestic Violence

Hanane Guehiri et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the context of psychological flexibility, from the perspective of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), acts as a protective factor against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 10 women affected by domestic violence.

To achieve our research aim, we used a clinical approach. To verify the results, we administered the PCLS test, which measures PTSD symptoms, and developed a psychological flexibility scale from the perspective of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

The results indicated a high level of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and a corresponding decrease in psychological flexibility, indicating psychological rigidity. This was confirmed by clinical analysis of 9 out of 10 cases who had experienced violence in their family environment. These individuals showed symptoms of re-experiencing through integration contexts, experiential avoidance, and rumination about the past and future fears. They also showed symptoms of avoidance and related experiential avoidance contexts, lack of value clarity, and lack of commitment to action. Finally, they displayed symptoms of hyperarousal resulting from lack of present-moment awareness and fusion with false and negative thoughts.

The Mechanisms of Selection of Academically Excellent Pupils in Sport (A Field Study in Some Primary Schools in Constantine and Bordj Bou Arreridj)

Fratsa Karima et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this field research is to clarify the epistemological, theoretical and methodological background applied in the selection of talented students in sport. It also aims to shed light on the mechanisms and methods underlying the process of selecting physically excellent students at primary school level. The importance of this research lies in highlighting the importance of selection in the field of sport, as it serves the purpose of early identification of students with inherent and specific abilities, directed towards appropriate sporting activities that will enable them to reach high levels and potentially elite levels.

Consequently, it is necessary to provide them with the appropriate care to develop their talents and enrich them academically. In order to verify this, a descriptive-exploratory approach was used, which involves studying the phenomenon as it exists in reality, providing an accurate description. The study sample consisted of 10 teachers specialising in sports activities, who were purposively selected. In terms of data collection tools, semi-structured interviews were found to be more responsive to the research variables. Their reliability was calculated using the "Lauchey" equation. Data were collected and analysed using frequencies and percentages.

It was concluded that the process of sports selection goes through different stages, using specific criteria, and requires a certain amount of time depending on the type of sport. The most important factor remains the selection process during the early years of a student's athletic talent, allowing the talented child to develop their abilities and achieve maximum performance at an early age.

An Analytical Study of the Performance of the Algerian National Football Team According to Indicators (Number of Goals Scored, Percentage of Possession of the Ball, Number of Shots Inside the Goal Frame, Number of Corner Kicks) in the 2024 African Nations

Ghanem Mohammed El Amine et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to analyze the performance of the Algerian national team, participating in the 2024 African Nations Championship in Ivory Coast, according to the following technical indicators (number of goals scored, percentage of ball possession, number of shots inside the goal frame, number of corner kicks). The researcher chose the Algerian national team as a sample for the study, and he relied on the descriptive approach, following the survey method to suit the nature of the study, through video tapes recording the first round matches, numbering 03 matches, in addition to the observation form as a tool for collecting data.

Exploring the Psychological Links between Users' Reactions to Advertisements on Instagram: Cognitive, Emotional and Conative Effects

Mourad Boudrioua et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, we explore the psychological interactions between Internet users and advertisements on Instagram, focusing on the cognitive, affective, and conative effects. Through the analysis of the Instagram page 'Orange Tunisie', we explore the subtleties of the psychological link between page followers and advertising content, providing insights into the psychological mechanisms behind user responses in the digital world.

Social and Psychological Problems of the Elderly:Solutions and Perspectives

Dr.MekkiSihem et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Issues and needs of the elderly receive attention worldwide, and scientific studies in the field of elderly care have emphasized that old age is a developmental stage that requires the formulation of plans aimed at benefiting from the efforts and experiences of the elderly and providing the most effective care methods that guarantee them a dignified and stable life by integrating them into society.

This research paper aims to diagnose the reality of the elderly and identify the most important problems they face, in order to formulate an optimal approach to dealing with this group by specialists, caregivers, and society as a whole. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive analytical approach was adopted as the most suitable method for serving our topic.

The study concluded that the principle of proper care for this sensitive category with its specific needs and requirements can only be achieved through the concerted efforts of everyone to provide warm and friendly social relationships based on our social and ethical values.

Research Use of GIS for the Study of the Impact of Habitat Change on the Structure and Dynamics of Avifauna in Wetlands (Chott Echchergui, Algeria)

Arabi Zohra et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Chott EchChergui is rich in diversity and a wintering place par excellence for water birds. But currently it is facing a strong destructive pressure which results in a drastic decline in the avian populations. The study focuses on an experimental mapping of the ecological habitat of this ecosystem in order to ensure good monitoring of the dynamics of its avian community over a period of 20 years. The approach adopted consists in the development of a new methodology based on the combination of applications from Geographic Information Systems, with fields observation data obtained through field surveys.

The results made it possible to establish a list of 72 species of birds belonging to 27 families and 13 orders. The mapping of the habitat made it possible to establish a georeferenced database on avian biodiversity and also to produce four thematic maps by means of an interpolation by continuous coloring of the four parameters acting on the evolution of avian numbers. These results only confirm the state of degradation of this ecosystem which is at the origin of the erosion of its avian biodiversity.)

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Algerian TV Channels“An Analytical Reading of how the AL24 News Channel Uses Augmented Reality Technology to Obtain Holographic Content”

Berkane Bouderbala et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to shed light on the use of two technologies, Augmented Reality (AR) and Holography, as Artificial Intelligence techniques in the media content production. The study delves into the principles, characteristics, and tools of each technology, highlighting the clear differences between them. It examines how the team at Algeria International Channel achieved holographic-like visuals for viewers by employing Augmented Reality (AR) Hologram technology during the coverage of AL24 News for the Mediterranean Games in Oran as a practical application model. The research adapted a descriptive methodology, employing interviews with channel officials. The findings include:

It is challenging for non-experts to differentiate and identify the technology used in producing integrated scenes on the set, as there is no distinct discernibility between scenes created using Hologram technology and those produced using Augmented Reality.
Channels can acquire Holographic content by using Augmented Reality technology, as demonstrated by the channel's application.
The use of Augmented Reality technology only requires a green or blue screen, along with Chroma key control.

The study concludes with recommendations and relevant suggestions.

Extraction of Optical Constants from Transmittance Spectrum of Cobalt Oxide Films

Hazem Bouraoui et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, we present the production and analysis of cobalt oxide thin films utilizing the cost-effective chemical spray pyrolysis (NSP) technique, which were coated on a glass slide substrate. The optical characteristics of the films were analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy. The UV-vis examination revealed that all thin layers demonstrated excellent optical transmission, exhibiting the highest transmission of over 79% in the visible band. The produced films exhibited Eg values ranging from 2.9 eV. Furthermore, the optical properties, including the refractive index and extinction coefficient, of all films were measured.

Comparative Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of 3-Level NPC and Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters for Electric Power Applications

Mohammed Yassine Dennai et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper focuses on the implementation and testing of a three-phase, three-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. The inverter is tested on both a three-phase motor and a resistive load to evaluate its performance and efficiency. The paper also discusses the modulation algorithm used for the two types of inverters, namely the cascaded H-bridge and the multi-structure, using the dSPACE 1104 and Microlabbox. The implementation of the inverter is crucial for various applications, including renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. The testing on a three-phase motor provides insights into the inverter's ability to control the motor's speed and torque accurately. Additionally, the resistive load testing helps assess the inverter's performance under different load conditions. The modulation algorithm applied to the inverters plays a vital role in achieving optimal performance and reducing harmonic distortion. The dSPACE 1104 and Microlabbox are utilized as reliable platforms for implementing and evaluating the modulation algorithm. The results obtained from the testing and implementation of the inverter and modulation algorithm provide valuable information for future research and development in the field of power electronics.

Using CSR Communication for Improving Corporate Image a Survey of Consumers of Algerian Food Industries

Nacerbey Omar et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility communication on the corporate image from the consumer’s standpoint, the study was conducted on the most important Algerian food industry companies. A survey design was employed in carrying out this study with two scales of the effectiveness of social responsibility communication factors, which are (informativeness, personal connection, third-party endorsement, transparency, consistency, the realistic tone) and the corporate image. An online survey was directed to a sample of food products consumers of these companies, the sample size was 408 individuals. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated (mean value and standard deviation). Reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there is a positive effect of CSR communication on corporate image from the consumer’s standpoint.

NImpact of Desert Conditions on the Microstructural and Structural Proprieties of Ethylene -Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in Solar Energy

Nadir Hachemi et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This comprehensive study delves into the degradation of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in solar panels under arid, desert conditions. Employing techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), we observed a marked increase in crystallization within EVA layers, with rates of 46% above and 36% below the cells, surpassing the usual range of 25-33%. SEM analysis revealed significant carbonaceous particle deposition and crevassing in the sun-exposed EVA layer, impacting the efficiency of light transmission to the photovoltaic cells. Moreover, XRD and FTIR analyses detected the formation of novel compounds such as NH₄⁺ and Si-O, indicating complex chemical changes. These findings highlight the need for materials better suited to withstand harsh desert environments, crucial for improving the durability and efficiency of solar panels in such challenging conditions.

Improving EFL Learners’ Writing through Reading

Wafia Helala — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study investigates the impact of integrating short texts (ST) to teach writing to first year EFL students at Batna 2 University. To get reliable data and ascertain the impact of ST on writing, a quasi-experimental quantitative approach has been implemented and an experiment was carried out with 80 students divided into two groups, 40 in the experimental group (EG) and 40 in the control one (CG). The materials used are short texts related to the writing syllabus followed by multiple activities and tasks to improve their writing abilities. The results revealed that students who were exposed to reading short texts showed better results in improving their writing skills.

Sodium Hypochlorite Test for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cows Promising Innovative Method

Siad Nesrine et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study presents a pioneering scientific advancement that tackles the difficulties encountered by the agriculture sector in the timely identification of pregnancy in cattle. The primary goals of our novel urine-based pregnancy test are to minimize the occurrence of unproductive cow days, enhance productivity, optimize profitability, and provide precise and prompt outcomes. The examination relies on a unique interaction between urine and sodium hypochlorite, specifically activated inside an embryo or fetus. Our findings indicate that it is possible to identify pregnancy as early as 16 to 25 days after insemination. The sensitivity of this detection method is 97.39%, meaning that it accurately identifies pregnant cows. The specificity of the process is 73.33%, indicating that it correctly identifies non-pregnant cows. Overall, the method's accuracy is 93.33% for pregnant cows and 88% for non-pregnant cows. Our examination will be the initiation of a significant advancement, owing to its adaptability and cost-efficiency, which will render it a feasible option for breeders. This will result in reduced strain on cattle and a transformative approach to early pregnancy identification within the scientific domain.

The Impact of Economic Policy Indicators in Addressing Inflation in Algeria Econometrics Study for the Period 1990-2023.

Garoui sabah et al. — Sat, 07 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the impact of economic policy indicators on inflation in the Algerian economy from 1990 to 2023. The study utilizes an econometric analysis based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model to analyze the effects of monetary mass, government spending, and the exchange rate on inflation. The findings suggest that monetary mass has a short-term impact on inflation, and there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the study variables. The study also identifies a causal relationship using Granger causation.

Optimizing Electricity & Gas Distribution: The Impact of Dashboard-Driven Management Control

Amer Abderrahmen et. al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The dashboard is a command-and-control tool that allows organizations to improve management control mechanisms and measure performance. This is because it provides real-time information that allows decision makers to adjust their decisions in a timely manner (Farida & Setiawan, 2022). The following research paper aims to show the role of adopting this tool in the Electricity and Gas Distribution Corporation of Batna city as a model for highlighting the features of the dashboard in this type of institutions. This study concluded that the dashboard is one of the most important tools approved by the Electricity and Gas Distribution Corporation for Batna city to improve the management control process. It provided a complete picture of the effectiveness of the management methods used in the institution, and also allowed showing the percentages of deviations that were interpreted and corrected.

The Problem of Interference Between the Terms "Middle Ages" and "Islamic History"

Zerkouk Mohammed — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate the concept of the term "Middle Ages" and its geographical framework and implications. It also examines the term "Islamic history" and the extent to which it is accurate or erroneous to consider it as part of the Middle Ages, while attempting to address the problem of overlap between these two terms. Furthermore, this study seeks to highlight the disparities between Islamic civilization and European civilization during the period spanning from the 7th to the 15th centuries AD. One of the conclusions reached by this study is that the term "Middle Ages" is purely European, and projecting its concept onto Islamic history leads to several misconceptions with political and social consequences. One of the common mistakes made by many historians is their use of the term "Medieval Islamic history.

Analysis of the Impact of Marketing Innovation on the Decision of the Adoption of the Algerian Consumer of the Economic Lamp of Electricity Using Modeling with Structural Equations

Selma Ataouat et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the role of marketing innovation for new products and what are the most important effective strategies in pushing the Algerian consumer to adopt electric energy-saving products, especially the economic lamp. A group of influences that affect the decision to adopt such products intervene. Through this study, we highlight the disparity in their impact, perhaps the most prominent of which is the presence of innovation factors (characteristics) in the product that would entice the consumer to adopt them, and the extent to which he enjoys the innovative features that push him to accept these products, and to achieve Study objectives: Structural equations modeling (SEM) was used through the AMOS program to test the mosaic of hypotheses, which resulted in a direct impact of marketing innovation and innovation factors on consumer adoption decision, and the hypothesis related to consumer innovation traits was implemented as a mediating variable.

The study also sought to classify the decision of the Algerian consumer to adopt the lamp according to the Rogers classifications of adopting consumers, according to the speed of adoption, which resulted in the majority of consumer decisions being classified within the category of laggards with a rate of 32.6%, followed by the late majority category with a rate of 31.4%.

The Narrative Vision and Psychological Dimensions in the Novel "Doll of Fire" by Bashir Mifti

Raki Nadjat — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Critics and researchers have extensively discussed narrative vision as one of the most important techniques in storytelling, revealing the narrator's perspective on events and characters. It is the technique that reveals the narrator's view of fictional reality from different angles, where objective narration may overlap with subjective narration, or one may dominate the other. Through the narrative vision, multiple voices and ideologies emerge, engaged in a harmonious conflict that reflects the author's understanding of his characters and his position in relation to them, whether superior, inferior or equal.

In Algerian novels, the narrative vision includes ideological, psychological and cultural dimensions that vary according to the different perspectives and their evolution during the narrative events. The novel "Doll of Fire" by Bashir Mifti aroused our interest in this concept and raised a fundamental question: What are the ideological dimensions of the novel? How does the narrator position himself in relation to these dimensions, and how does his narrative skill manifest itself in revealing them in their various manifestations?

Mothers' Level of Education and its Association with Interest in Monitoring School Performance of School-Aged Children- Based on the Final Report of the Clustered Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS6) -

Laid Mechraoui et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper targeted Algerian mothers in an attempt to understand the relationship between their level of education and their involvement in monitoring their children's academic progress at home. The study adopted a descriptive approach and used statistical data analysis techniques based on the final results of the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS6), the most recent survey conducted by Algeria under the supervision of the United Nations. The study found a positive correlation between mothers' level of education and their involvement in monitoring their children's academic performance. The results showed that mothers with higher levels of education tended to devote more time to helping their children study, providing the necessary conditions and supporting their success. These findings highlight the importance of maternal education in children's academic success.

The Peaceful Coexistence of the Heavenly Religions in the Light of the Qur'an and the Prophetic Traditions.

Rima Mechouma et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The inherent diversity among human beings, established by divine will, has led to differences in individuals and perspectives. However, this diversity does not necessitate a life of conflict and strife. The innate nature of human beings, upon which they are created, does not in itself create problems or distance between nations. The differences in beliefs, cultures and customs are a divine norm that cannot be eliminated. In order to achieve security and peace among nations, Islamic law has regulated this relationship and established solid principles that ensure coexistence, peace and security among peoples regardless of their religious differences.

This study aims to elucidate the principles on which Islam is based and the verses that support them, as derived from its primary sources, the Quran and the Sunnah (Prophetic traditions), with regard to its coexistence with the Abrahamic religions.

Factors Contributing to Embryonic Mortality in Mares Within the Tiaret Region, Algeria

El-Batoul Boubakeur et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Embryonic mortality in mares is of significant importance as it directly impacts reproductive efficiency in equine breeding programs. Elevated embryonic mortality rates result in reduced pregnancy success, extended breeding cycles, and significant economic setbacks for breeders and those involved in the equine industry. In this paper, our aim is to elucidate the diverse factors associated with embryonic mortality in mares at the National Stud of Chaouchaoua, Stud El-Mesk, and mares owned by a private farm in the Tiaret region, west of Algeria. We have validated our experimentation through ultrasound-based pregnancy monitoring, aconducted on a sample of 197 mares representing diverse breeds: 125 Arabians, 26 Barbs, 21 Arabian-Barbs, 18 Thoroughbreds, 4 Anglo-Arabians, and 3 saddle mares. The monitoring was initiated on the 13th day following ovulation within the breeding season. Based on our findings, the embryonic mortality rate within the initial 45 days post-ovulation stood at 14.3%. Among these, 5.5% of embryonic mortalities were identified between D 13 and D 20 following ovulation. The incidence of embryonic mortality was notably elevated in barren mares at 22.8%, mares aged over 16 years at 15%, and those bred at the onset of the season (February) at a staggering 50%. Additionally, mares with twin pregnancies exhibited a heightened embryonic mortality rate, accounting for 75% of cases in contrast to the 11% observed in single-pregnant mares. An alteration in the uterine environment also contributed to diminished fertility, leading to a substantial embryonic mortality rate of 22.4%, attributable to irregular uterine fluids. The significant influence of variables like embryonic vesicle count, reproductive status, and abnormal uterine environment on embryonic development highlights the importance of understanding and acknowledging these factors. This knowledge is essential for reducing losses in equine farming.

The challenges facing institutions in combating juvenile delinquency

Muhammad Bouloudani Nour Al-Huda et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of combating juvenile delinquency is to redirect the energies of young individuals towards positive aspects (cultural, sports, artistic activities) in order to strengthen their abilities, provide psychological and moral support, encourage them to strive for improvement, and eliminate negative emotions they may experience (fear, hostility, guilt, inferiority). It involves keeping them away from troublesome situations and teaching them emotional control.

The approach to combating juvenile delinquency takes into consideration the uniqueness of each case and its underlying causes, seeking to modify the behaviors of minors through clarification, persuasion, emphasizing self-understanding and boundaries (what they have and what they lack), and modifying their negative and aggressive behaviors. It involves addressing impulsive responses and behaviors through advice and suggestions (punishing negative behavior and reinforcing desired behavior).

The Effectiveness of School Sports Physical Activities in Creating Educational Experiences for Health Education among Primary School Students

Benyoub Abdelaali et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of school physical and sports activities in creating educational experiences for health education among primary school pupils. For this purpose, we used the classroom curriculum in the survey style, where the study community and sample of physical and sports education professors affiliated with the Directorate of Education represented the Ahras market, estimated at 115 of both genders, who were selected in an intentional way. To collect data, we used the questionnaire tool. After collecting and statistically processing the results, it was found that school physical and sports activities are effective in creating educational experiences for health education among primary school pupils.

Computational QSPR Model to Predict the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of Classic and Extended Sugar-Based Surfactants.

Boukelkal Nada et. al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

As known, critical micelle concentration is a crucial characteristic in product formulation. In the current work, six molecular structure descriptors were used to create QSPR models that predicted the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 119 sugar-based surfactants. The analysis of the qualities of descriptors shows that the micellization process is specifically affected by electronic properties (electronegativity and charges), electro-topology, and symmetry of a molecule. Four statistical learning techniques including Multiple linear regression, Partial least square, Artificial neural networks (ANN), and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to develop the QSPR models. different statistical metrics were employed to evaluate the reliability and robustness of the models. The best result (= 0.803,= 0.856,=0.982, and= 0.006) were obtained for ANN with {6-6-1} architecture. In addition, estimating the CMC of 6 other sugar surfactants based on simulate of the network gave very good results (R = 0.96). Therefore, these findings suggest that the developed model is appropriate for predicting and correlating CMC value for sugar-based surfactants.

Approach to Cloud Accounting Implementation in Algerian Enterprises

Mohammed Ali Dahem et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to approach the reality of implementing cloud accounting in Algerian enterprises by addressing the theoretical perspective of cloud accounting. It attempts to answer the following main problem: What is the approach to implementing cloud accounting in Algerian economic institutions? The topic was addressed through both theoretical and practical aspects. In the theoretical framework, concepts related to cloud accounting, its types, advantages, challenges, as well as its pros and cons compared to traditional accounting and accounting information systems were identified. On the practical side, a descriptive analytical method was used. The study's tool was a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 47 accounting experts, accountants, and certified accountants. The study found that cloud accounting faces moderate challenges in the context of developing accounting information systems that align with the requirements of cloud accounting.

Elements of Family Security between Jurisprudence and Law

Guezei abdel ali et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research delves into a topic of great importance concerning the family and its security. It highlights the components of family security in both Sharia law and civil law by examining the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence and statutory laws, particularly the Algerian legislation governing family matters. It extracts the components and foundations of family security from these provisions, revealing that family security is a broad concept only comprehended through the convergence of its components, which evolve and change according to the dynamics of time, place, and the nature of society, and everything that impacts the stability of the family. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that these provisions include security rules and highly effective components in achieving robust family security, fundamentally rooted in authentic Islamic principles subsequently embraced by statutory laws. These components have accompanied the family through various stages of its formation, represented in the engagement and its associated provisions, the marriage and its requisite conditions and elements, and the resulting consequences. The regulations governing these provisions, conditions, and consequences are deemed exemplary security standards.

The Role of Local Radio in Spreading Traffic Awareness Among Drivers - Experimental Study - On a Sample of Taxi Drivers in the State of Jijel.

Bouab Redouane et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The human element remains in any society The main and direct cause of traffic accidents, which justifies his need for constant guidance and awareness to control his behavior while driving. In light of this situation, actors in the field of traffic security have been exploiting and using all means, including media institutions and radio in particular, to deliver the preventive awareness message to the largest possible number of target groups (road users). It plays a major role in raising awareness and instilling a culture of traffic safety among various segments of society, in order to develop and enhance knowledge, traffic rules, and traffic safety etiquette. This is what makes local radio today an important pillar and an effective force in society because of its active role in spreading culture and traffic awareness, by virtue of its spread and strong influence on public opinion.

Synergistic Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of the Combination of Chitosan from Shrimp Shells with Polyphenols from Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.)

Nabil Bouziane et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Natural compounds are often endowed with biological properties of health, food and pharmalogical interest. Chitosan from crustacean shells and polyphenols from artichoke heart, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (C. scolymus), are examples of natural compounds that are preferable to chemical substances as food preservatives. The current study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells waste, both alone and combined with polyphenols of C. scolymus. Shrimp shells were washed, dried, ground, and the issued flour was demineralized and deproteinised to prepare chitin. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin and then analyzed on the basis of its moisture, ash, protein, molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. The polyphenols of C. scolymus were extracted using water and methanol as solvents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. scolymus were determined using spectrophotometry. DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests were used to assess the antioxidant activity of chitosan and C. scolymus extracts. The antibacterial activity of chitosan and C. scolymus extracts against five pathogenic strains and two beneficial strains was determined. Results have shown that chitosan extraction yield was about 5.80 ± 1.09 %, and it contains 4.43 ± 0.57, 1.32 ± 0.62 and 0.18 ± 0.04 % of moisture, ash and protein, respectively. Its molecular weight and its degree of deacetylation were about 859.48 ± 21.62 KDa and 75%, respectively. The combination of chitosan and C. scolymus extracts was more effective on DPPH radical scavenging capacity and β-carotene degradation prevention (P<0.05) than those of chitosan or C. scolymus extracts used separately. Furthermore, this combination significantly inhibits the growth of the five pathogenic bacteria. This suggests that chitosan, in association with C. scolymus polyphenols might be used to prevent food spoilage.

The Jurisprudential Choices of Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in His Book "Fath al-Bari" Regarding Fasting: Issues Pertaining to Non-Nullifying Acts of Fasting as an Example

Oussama Thabet Sekhri — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions. After this, in view of the esteemed scholarly position of the Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and the significance of his book "Fath al-Bari," this research titled "Fiqh Selections of Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in his book 'Fath al-Bari' through the Book of Fasting: 'Issues Related to What Does Not Invalidate the Fast' as a Model" has been undertaken. Its aim is to elucidate the fiqh selections of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani concerning the issues of "what does not invalidate the fast" and study them in comparison with different juristic schools, using the book of fasting from his work "Fath al-Bari." This research consists of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The conclusion presents the most important recommendations and findings derived from the study.

The first section, titled "The Qibla and Facing the Qibla for the Fasting Individual," includes a detailed examination and analysis of the issue. It then proceeds to present the selection of Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and compare it with the opinions of other juristic schools. As for the second section, titled "Eating and Drinking Forgetfully during Ramadan," it also provides a detailed examination and analysis of the issue. It then reaches the selection of Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and compares it with the opinions of other juristic schools.

Numerical Modeling of Thermal and Flow Analysis of a Conduction Magneto-Hydrodynamic Pump

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is a scientific discipline which describes the behavior of a conducting fluid (Liquid or ionized gas called plasma) in the presence of electromagnetic fields, The MHD conversion is one of the applications of this discipline, it relates to the mechanical energy transformation of the movement of a fluid into electric power. This article is concerned with the study of a coupling between the stationary Maxwell equations, the transient state Navier Stokes and thermal equations in conduction magneto hydrodynamic pumps. The model developed computes the magnetic field and calculates the velocity and the temperature using the finite volume method. The paper focuses on the analysis of the flux density, the electromagnetic thrust, the electric power density, the velocity, and the temperature in the channel of the MHD pump.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential from Traditional Remedies to Modern Innovations of Prunus persica (Peach) Leaves: A Comprehensive Review

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Medicinal plants, including Prunus persica (peach) leaves, have been utilized worldwide for centuries due to their therapeutic properties. This comprehensive review explores the taxonomy, chemical composition, traditional uses, and medicinal properties of Prunus persica leaves. Key findings include the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and hepatoprotective activities. Furthermore, Prunus persica leaves are valued in functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and skincare products for their versatile health benefits. While promising, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their applications in clinical settings. Prunus persica leaves hold significant potential for the development of innovative healthcare solutions, bridging traditional wisdom with modern scientific advancements.

Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Algerian Maclura Pomifera (Rafin) Schneider Fruit Extract

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to find out the phenolic profile of ethyl acetate extract of Maclura pomifera (M. pomifera) fruit polyphenols (EAEMPFP) using HPLC/MS and to evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Antioxidant activity was assessed with DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), β-carotene bleaching method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The EAEMPFP antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar diffusion and microbroth dilution methods against thirteen different strains. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents of M. pomifera were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl₃ methods, respectively. EAEMPFP total polyphenol content (103.87 ± 6.35 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) is higher than that of flavonoids (31.33 ± 1.71 mg quercetin equivalent/g). HPLC/MS revealed five phenolic compounds, five flavonoids and coumarin. Ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the most abundant with 1.07 and 1.05 mg/mL of extract, respectively. The ability of EAEMPFP to scavenge DPPH (IC50 = 121.94 µg/mL) and to reduce the ferric iron (IC50 = 2.54 mM Fe²⁺/mL) is dose-dependent. The IC50 of β-carotene bleaching (380.06 µg/mL of EAEMPFP) is higher than that of the standards (i.e. ascorbic acid and quercetin). The FRAP test has shown that the antioxidant activity of EAEMPFP is lower than that of ascorbic acid but higher than that of quercetin. Inhibition zones diameters generated by EAEMPFP antimicrobial activity towards the different strains ranged from 8.2 ± 0.1 (for the beneficial strain Lb rhamnosus) to 27.2 ± 0.1 mm (for the pathogenic strain: Shigella dysenteriae CRCT 457). These findings have shown that M. Pomifera fruit is a potential source of bioactive substances of interest such as polyphenols.

Constitutional Judiciary Policy In The Application Of The Interest Requirement

Hezil Djelloul — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

If the clause of personal interest intervenes in illegal procedures, of any kind an dat all levels, it is certain that this clause interferes also in a constitutional dispute which aims to challenge the constitutionality of a law oar regulation .Bathe question arises as to the consistency and compliance of laws that exist in the clauses of the constitutional court with what is found in ordinary courts, as well as the degree of unity of the interest provisions and clauses in comparative constitutional systems.

Geochemical Analysis of Soil Facies and Groundwater Quality in the Valley of Oued Righ in Southern Algeria, with a Specific Focus on the Terminal Complex

Zine Labidine CHINI et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Groundwater plays a crucial role in arid regions like the Oued Righ valley, where high evaporation rates make it the primary water resource. This study aims to evaluate the quality of the Complex Terminal groundwater in the Oued Righ region. Various analyses, including temperature, electrical conductivity (E.C), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and ion concentrations (such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, HCO₃^-, SO₄^-2, NO₃^-, NO₂^-, PO₄^-3, Iron, and Fluor), were conducted to determine the chemical water facies, their interactions, and suitability for human consumption and agricultural use. The results reveal that the Complex Terminal aquifer exhibits a neutral pH (7.33 ± 0,2) and moderate mineralization (TDS = 2395.25 ± 771.18 mg/l). However, some parameters indicate pollution and undesirability, such as nitrite, iron, and fluorine, exceeding the World Health Organization's standards. On the other hand, ions like nitrate and orthophosphate meet the recommended standards. The groundwater in the Complex Terminal aquifer undergoes water-rock interactions, forming impermeable geochemical facies primarily composed of clay, gypsum, and anhydrite (Bel and Demargne., 1966). This mineralization is attributed to the correlation between calcium and sulfate ions, originating from the alteration of anhydrite, a calcium sulfate compound. Haut du formulaire

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This work focuses on investigating the relationship between irrigation water and soil salinity through the direct measurement of neutral salts in the soil's imbibition water (Omran and Marwa, 2015). The accumulation of neutral salts in soils is influenced by the intensity of irrigation, and their toxicity can harm plants while reducing water availability. High concentrations of Cl^- can particularly affect plant tissues and leaves. The hydrogeochemical properties of the study area are primarily influenced by the interaction between water and rock, as well as cation exchange (Cornet, 1964). Soil acidity, measured by pH, was found to be moderately acidic in most samples (ranging from 7.4 to 7.8), except for the southern part of the study area, which exhibited alkalinity in the Goug and Baldet Omar areas. The Oued Righ region is characterized by the accumulation of NaCl, which can be attributed to the presence of chloride ions and sodium cations, showing strong correlations of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. These factors directly impact the electrical conductivity and the presence of other salts, thus influencing their variation.

Awareness of Algerian Youth about the Risks of Social Media on Intellectual Security: A Field Study of a Sample of Algerian Youth Users of Facebook

Abdelkader Badawi et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Through this research, we aim to identify the level of awareness among Algerian youth regarding the use of social networking sites and their effects on intellectual, social and psychological security, and to identify the measures that young people take to reduce risks. To this end, we prepared a field study with a sample of Algerian youth, contacted via Facebookand which represented 36 individuals, aged 18 to 40 years old. We relied on the descriptive approach and electronic questionnaire tool to collect information and after analyzing the data, we concluded that: Young social media users are highly aware of intellectual safety. We did not find statistically significant differences related to gender, although there were some differences in the psychological dimension of the intellectual security scale, with men being preferred over women.

GC-MS analysis Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic study of Volatile alkaloids extract of Deverra scoparia (Coss. & Dur.) (Apiaceae)

Amina Benras et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Deverra scoparia Coss&Dur (Apiaceae) is an endemic Algerian plant known widely for its folk medicinal uses.

Objectives: The present research aimed to evaluate the pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of the volatile alkaloid (VA) extract of D. scoparia.

Methods: The aerial part of D. scoparia was hydro-distilled to obtain the VA extract, followed by fractionation based on different PH mediums, two fractions; diethylic ether (ETV) and dichloromethane (DV). Determination of the alkaloid amount (AA), the characterization analysis with GC-MS, and the in vitro pharmacological properties presented as an anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic assay for the ETV and DV fractions.

Results: The DV showed a high alkaloid amount (AA) concentration 62.89 ±0.05 µg EA/mg with nine (9) alkaloid compounds identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy GC-MS analysis, while the anti-oxidant potential was assessed via DPPH radical scavenging capacity and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assay, which revealed that ETV had a low IC50= 354.24± 2.20 and 67.60± 2.10 µg/ml respectively. Whereas, the anti-diabetic activity based on the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme the DV represented a remarkable inhibition IC50=163.69± 1.41µg/ml.

Conclusions: Due to the works’ demonstration of the VA's significant pharmacological potential, future studies can concentrate on isolating alkaloid compounds and examining their pharmacological characteristics in vivo.

The Relationship of Hypothesis to Theory in Human and Social Research

Chetatha Oumelkheir et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Scientific research in the humanities and social sciences goes through precise and interconnected methodological stages and steps, some of which complement each other. The most prominent of these steps is defining hypotheses and relying on approaches, or systematically approaching a theory or a trend or even the concepts of that theory that the researcher adopts in a way that is appropriate to the subject of his research being studied.

If the hypothesis is a temporary answer to the research problem, then the theory is a valid hypothesis unless it is proven incorrect, modified, or completely refuted, since science is cumulative to ensure the process of knowledge.

Tobacco and Smoking, A Religious Phenomenon and a Social Heresy in North Africa at the Beginning of the 17th Century AD

Fayssal Mabrak et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This historical study deals with an unprecedented social phenomenon which Maghreb witnessed at the beginning of the second millennium AH, the phenomenon of using tobacco herb to improve human temperament, medication, etc . We will also try to introduce this plant and its relation to the social scourges that emerged in the Maghreb in the 17th century, through Moroccan contemporary references. Such as the book of Ibn-abi Mahlli entitled "El-Isleet, 1022 AH" and the Tamanarti's book "El-Fawaid el-Jemma, 1070 AH", in addition to his concise book: "Muhaddid Esinan fi Nuhur Ikhwan Edukhan" …et al. The article also discusses approaches regarding the date of access into Morocco and its spread among the community members, scientists, rulers and slaves ..., how did the contemporary sources reported and disagreed about the verdict? How did the public believe that it is a supernatural herb of wisdom, magic and innumerable benefits? And how some of the scholars, Sufis and even ordinary people noticed their futility and uselessness, And all that is rumored are illusions, at the same time, some were afraid of it, others thought it was a sign of the end of the world.

Geochemical Study of Chemical Pollution and Quality of Groundwater of the Terminal Complex, in Ouargla, South-East of Algeria

Mohamed Elamine Bouaicha et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Human health can be negatively impacted by low-quality or contaminated drinking water. Investigating groundwater quality and appropriateness for irrigation and drinking uses is therefore crucial. This study uses the entropy theory and geochemical characteristics to describe the groundwater quality in Algeria's Ouargla area. From the study region, a total of 28 samples have been gathered. The results show that the study area is characterized as being within an arid region where rainfall was lower; hence, the evaporation process becomes dominant in controlling the groundwater chemistry. and 75.72% of groundwater samples are active in ion exchange processes, with 14.28% having negative values, indicating reverse ion exchange of Na+ and K+ ions. The entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) calculation for groundwater samples revealed a range of water quality, from medium to extremely severe. Of the groundwater samples obtained, 46.7% were identified as medium, 40% as poor, and 13.3% as extremely poor. Based on Sodium hazard (SAR) 3.57% 46.42%, 17.85% and 35.71% of the samples were found to be in the Excellent, Good, Poor, Unsuitable respectively and according to Kelly’s ratio (KR) 96.43% of the samples were found in suitable category. Permeability Index (PI) indicates that 92.86% of the groundwater samples were found suitable and 7.14% unsuitable category for irrigation purpose.

The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty-A Sample Study of Mobilis Customers–

Radia Boulekroune et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the impact of service quality on customer loyalty. To achieve this objective, a descriptive-analytical approach was employed using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The researchers studied a sample consisting of 70 customers of the Mobilis company. Data processing and analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between service quality and customer loyalty through the influence of service quality across its five dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy). The correlation coefficients for the five dimensions were close, indicating consistent relationships, and the explanatory power was also notable.

Information Sciences: from Philosophy to Epistemology

Boutarfa Asma — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The emergence of modern societies has led to significant structural and intellectual advances, marking the beginning of the era of media and information sciences. These advances have been made possible by contemporary technological innovations, which have played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of mass and virtual media. These forms of media, with their informational, cultural, and developmental aspects, have been driven by the ongoing evolution of the sciences. The rapid pace of this evolution is largely due to advances in digital technology, including the use of artificial satellites and computers.

The goal of Information Sciences is to study the media phenomenon both as a tangible reality and as a field of practical study. This examination is conducted through the application of concepts and scientific theories that emphasize the interconnectedness of information science with other disciplines in the social sciences, including philosophy. Philosophy plays a crucial role in the continuous search for the truth about the media phenomenon, and in aligning it with intellectual endeavors. The development and progress of the information sciences pose significant epistemological challenges that continue to stimulate research and debate among scholars. These challenges arise primarily from the complex origins of these sciences themselves

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Changes Induced by Drought Stress in Forage Pea (P.Sativum Subsp. Arvense)

Hadjer Makhloufi et al. — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, drought has been a major problem worldwide. Mediterranean regions have been particularly hard hit, adversely affecting the productivity of plants such as forage species. Using morpho-physiological and biochemical approaches, we have characterized the behavior of a forage pea variety with respect to in vivo water stress, with a view to developing this species for agro-ecological purposes. The study, carried out in pots under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions, was conducted under regular watering for control plants (Control) and with watering stopped for stressed plants (Stress). After 60 days of cultivation, our results revealed highly significant differences for all the parameters studied. Drought stress negatively affected growth, water status and membrane integrity, and an increase in soluble sugars and proline content in the leaves was recorded. At the end of this study, this variety of P.sativum subsp. arvense can be considered among the cultivars adapted to drought stress since in spite of the reduction in the relative water content, it always keeps a water status of 52% compared to the cultivars of other forage species, a study on open fields is necessary in order to confirm our results.

Design of Microstrip Filters by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Dr. Hathat ahmed et.al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper , we present our contribution in design of microstrip low-pass and band-pass filter by particle swarm optimization (PSO ) algorithm. After the design of these filter by classical methods Butterworth and Chebyshev approximation for low-pass and band-pass respectively to determine the characteristics of these filters , we adapted PSO algorithm to low-pass and band-pass filter design problem . The proposed method for design microstrip filters presents better results compared to classical methods in terms of losses in the pass-band and stop-band .

Experimental Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery: Utilizing CO2 Injection for Reservoir Revitalization

Halilat Israa et .al — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Over the past decades, billions of dollars has been invested by the oil industry in researching and developing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies to recover remaining oil. One of the most promising technologies developed is based on injecting CO2 into existing oil wells to produce ever-smaller amounts of crude oil. The latter, which is difficult to obtain, will react with carbon dioxide, at reservoir high pressures and temperatures, through a number of mechanisms, including interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, oil swelling, viscosity reduction and light hydrocarbon extraction. These mechanisms may play a more important role in enhancing oil recovery, based on whether the CO2 displacement is miscible or immiscible. Like for instance, in miscible condition, IFT reduction and oil viscosity reduction play more vital roles in CO2- EOR. Additionally, CO2 has the capability of invading zones not previously invaded by water, as well as releasing and reducing trapped oil to flow more freely into an old well and reviving its production.

In this study we focused on the miscible CO2 injection process as an effective and widely used method for improving oil recovery, and based on the characteristics of the Hassi Messaoud reservoir, We prepared corresponding synthetic cores with similar properties (clay sandstone from the upper Triassic), which we heated to a temperature of 70C⸰. In the realized experiment, we demonstrated the effectiveness of miscible CO2 injection applied to multiple samples by calculating the effective permeability of artificial cores through the falling tip permeability set and then using “oil/water and gas” constant pressure system and inject carbon dioxide under different conditions (pressure and temperature) to extract residual oil. Thus, experimental results show that residual oil from the Hassi Messaoud field can be extracted by injecting carbon dioxide at a pressure of 28 bar and at a temperature of 70C⸰ in the laboratory, increasing the remaining oil yield up to 10 % for low permeability and light oil tanks to conclude that carbon dioxide is one of the best methods for residual oil recovery.

The Transformative Influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Firm Financial Performance

Fares Bellabasi — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines the transformative influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on firm financial performance, emphasizing the strategic integration of AI technologies and their impact through a focused case study on Netflix. AI's role in enhancing decision-making, problem-solving, and operational efficiency across various business domains—such as inventory management, financial record-keeping, and customer segmentation—is critically analyzed, highlighting its potential to revolutionize conventional business methodologies. The study underscores the complexity of measuring AI adoption, citing the absence of standardized metrics and the adoption of both qualitative and quantitative measures to assess its impact. Netflix is presented as an exemplary case of AI integration, showcasing how strategic AI adoption can significantly improve viewer engagement, content strategy, operational efficiency, and, consequently, financial growth. Through semi-structured interviews with Netflix executives, analysis of public documents, and observation of AI-driven functionalities, this research delves into the strategic rationale behind Netflix's AI investments, the implementation processes, and the resultant financial outcomes. The findings from the Netflix case study illustrate the critical role AI plays in driving firm performance, highlighting increased viewer engagement through personalized recommendations, optimized content strategy via data-driven decision-making, and enhanced operational efficiencies. These advancements have contributed to Netflix's remarkable financial growth, with a substantial increase in its subscriber base and revenue, positioning Netflix as a dominant player in the streaming sector. This paper contributes to the literature by providing tangible, real-world evidence of the benefits and challenges of AI adoption in a corporate setting. It underscores the importance of strategic alignment, organizational readiness, and the adaptation to technological evolution as key factors determining the success of AI initiatives. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for businesses aiming to leverage AI for competitive advantage and financial sustainability, emphasizing the need for ongoing research in the dynamic field of AI and its business implications.

Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of the Bragg Mirror's Optical Properties on the Reflection Spectrum

Karima Madoui Soraya Madoui, Radhia Yekhlef , Djamel Belfennache — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The field of thin films is interesting in the design and manufacture of Bragg mirrors by multilayer, which they must be, sprayed on the substrate on one side only. The working principle of the Bragg mirror is based on the realization at a given wavelength results from the constructive interference of the set of reflections from each mirror interface. The design of a Bragg mirror had based on the schematic formula of the layers, which are adapted to the spectral properties of the chosen mirror. To do this, we have optimized the Bragg mirror's spectral properties by means of numerical simulation, in order to identify the factors, influencing these properties and how, to improve the mirror's reflection. The results obtained show that the increase in the number of pattern the bandwidth decreases and the number of oscillations outside the bandwidth increases. The greater the index contrast between the high index n_H and the low index n_B, the closer the reflection coefficient will be to 1 and the higher the normalized bandwidth width. To obtain a pattern of bilayers with a wide spectral bandwidth, we need to choose a quarter-wave thickness that has not multiplied by λ/4.

A Seasonal Design Evaluation of an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger for Cooling and Heating in Saharan Algerian Regions Using ANN Model

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) systems leverage the consistent temperature of the ground to optimize the pre-conditioning of air for a building's ventilation. This technology involves a network of buried pipes or tubes through which outdoor air circulates before entering the building. The main objective of the paper is to study the modeling of the variation of the outlet temperature of the EAHE air-ground exchanger using neural networks. This modeling was carried out based on multilayer neural networks.

The Effect Study as a Mechanism for Environment Protection in the Algerian Law

Radia Boudia Benkhadra Zahira — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims at showing the importance of the effect study in the Algerian law as a preventive technical tool for the protection of the environment. Its importance manifests in preserving the environmental elements and predicting the environmental damages and risks that may result of a developmental project or program. It is a priori study that helps evaluate the direct and indirect effects that may affect the environment to reduce their negative effects and maximize the positive ones in an advanced phase before starting the project. This achieves a balance in the economic interests of the individuals and the public interest of the society and the future generations.

Unconventional Monetary Policy and the Abolition of the Liquidity Trap Hypothesis of Keynes - A Case Study of Japan and the United States of America –

Boukhari Mohamed Dahmani Amal, NOUI Charef Eddine — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to highlight the effectiveness of non-traditional monetary policy tools in addressing the economic recession left by the global financial crisis of 2008, as well as the recession resulting from the Corona pandemic, and to eliminate the hypothesis of Keynes' liquidity trap, which until recently was a fact and a firm belief. The most important tools of unconventional monetary policy have been introduced: quantitative easing, advance interest rate guidance, negative interest rates, and interest on reserves. The effectiveness of the measures taken in Japan and the United States of America in reducing the economic recession was also analyzed. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the effectiveness of monetary policy in reviving the economy in both the United States of America and Japan, and the abolition of Keynes's hypothesis about the liquidity trap. A set of conditions must be met for the success of unconventional monetary policy, the most important of which is the development of the system, financial markets and the banking system, in addition to the flexibility of the productive system.

Space Syntax: a Method for assessing the urban policies in Ain M’lila city

Brahimi Mounia, Benghadbane Foued — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since its establishment, the city of Ain M’lila has implemented various urban policies to manage its urban space. These policies were aligned with the country's urban agenda and employed different laws and plans. The objective of the administrators of Ain M’lila was to guide urban growth and ensure controlled urban development. However, all of these urban policies fell short of their intended goals and instead gave rise to a host of problems. Furthermore, these policies facilitated the city's expansion in multiple directions through the creation of new neighborhoods. A significant contributing factor to this failure was the lack of an evaluative tool.

This study aims to assess the diverse urban policies that Ain M’lila city has undergone by employing space syntax as a novel approach. This theory enables the creation of axial maps and facilitates visual and quantitative comparisons by calculating syntactic measures.

The Epistemological Status of Sensible Objects in Descartes' Philosophy

Menana Battache — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article attempts to understand the epistemological status of sensible objects in Descartes' philosophy, which considers knowledge of bodies through sensory perception as non-certainty, and claims that the external world cannot exist as we perceive it through our senses because they deceive us, and what comes to us through them can only lead us to error and therefore must be rejected.

This means that what is sensible in Descartes' philosophy cannot be sensibly known, and it represents one of the most important problems of modern philosophy in general, and of Descartes' philosophy in particular. In order to overcome this situation, Descartes resorted to knowing the sensible through deductive rational knowledge based on mathematical intuitions, by relying on some cognitive tools such as doubting the senses and rejecting their testimonies, and relying on geometric extension instead of sensory extension, and then connecting the natural world with mathematical thought.

In order to do this, Descartes first had to establish a new method containing rules that, if followed by reason, would lead it to the knowledge of the truth that it did not know, and to recognise the error he was committing in knowing the sensible by relying solely on the senses.

The Mechanisms of Self-Regulation in the Algerian Media a Field Study on a Sample of the Algerian Media

BARKATI Abdenour, Ahmed Mahdi Alzouaoui — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Our study aims to reveal the mechanisms of self-regulation applied in the Algerian media and the group of sections in other public media. Relying on a set of professional and ethical standards in regulating their behavior, whether through the external determinant or the censor or self-organization away from any interference that may occur. All this is going to be applied through a field study for workers in the field of private and public media, with the aim of knowing the effects of the existence of self-regulation mechanisms.

The Internationalization as a Mechanism for the Strategic Expansion of Small and Medium-Sized Economic Enterprises

Ahmed Necib — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this intervention, we will discuss the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), answering the question of how internationalization can contribute to the expansion of SME activities. We used a descriptive-inductive approach in our study, classifying SMEs based on quantitative criteria (number of employees, capital, business volume) and qualitative criteria (independence, market share). It is imperative to provide all necessary facilities to promote SMEs to their rightful economic and social status and fulfill their entrusted role. The study concluded several key points, notably that SME owners should not make internationalization decisions haphazardly but rather through thorough analysis considering opportunities, threats, the enterprise's capabilities, and its likelihood of success.

Curtailing Asphaltene Deposition in Conventional Oil Reservoirs: Insights from Hassi Messaoud Field, Algeria

Brahmia Nabil, Benouarzeg Moncef, Bouamara Fatima, Yousfi Walid, Zeddouri Aziez — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Formation damage caused by asphaltene deposition is a significant challenge in the oil industry. Asphaltene, a naturally occurring molecule found in crude oil, can form solid deposits within reservoir rocks and obstruct the flow of oil through formations. This study aimed to diagnose and treat the asphaltene precipitation problem at the bottom of HMD1, which is a well located in the Hassi Messaoud field in southeastern Algeria. The production rate of the well rapidly decreased while the operating costs increased. Laboratory tests were also conducted to study the properties of the reservoir fluids and the effects of different treatments on asphaltene deposition. To evaluate the performance of the well, Saphir software was utilized, and the results showed that the value of the skin increased from 1.66 to 2.64, which indicated that the formation was damaged by sediment inside the pores. Laboratory tests revealed an unstable asphaltene state with a Colloidal Instability Index (CII) of 3.24. Pipesim software was used to simulate reservoir behavior and predict asphaltene deposition, indicating the well was in the asphaltene precipitation phase when the pressure was between 150 and 190 bar and the temperature was between 75 and 120 °C. The method used in this research contributes to preventing asphaltene formation before it occurs.

The Concept of Legal Security in the System of Administrative Decisions

Rahmouni Habiba — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the contemporary issues that has occupied legal professionals in recent years is the principle of legal security, which has become a fundamental basis of the rule of law. It contributes significantly to the preservation of the authority of the state and the law by instilling confidence in individuals in laws and regulations. The most important legal means relied upon by individuals in organising their social, economic and political life are the numerous administrative decisions issued by public administrations as the executive apparatus of the State. It is therefore necessary to maintain a form of security and stability in the legal positions acquired by individuals through these administrative decisions. Legal security, as it is known today, is not a new idea in the administrative decision-making system. Administrative judges have always worked to subject administrative action to the principle of legality and, implicitly, to the principle of legal security, which is considered an element of legitimacy. This is done by taking into account the stability of legal positions and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

Thermal Conductivty and Scattering Elastic Wave by Integrated Lamellar Nano Structure with Different Thicknesses

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this work, we provide a computational and analytical method to study the scattering properties and associated thermal conductivity generated by embedded nanostructures in inhomogeneous crystalline materials. The nature of the defect and its arrangement also affect the coefficients of reflection, transmission, and conductance of elastic wave spectra in the system waveguide model. This problem is solved by using the matching technique and Newton dynamical equation, which are detailed to represent the entire evanescent and propagating fields in the bulk. The matching approach and the Landauer and Bütikker mathematical framework are applied in tandem by the theoretical formalism to get the reflection and transmission coefficients and the related phononic conductance of the perturbed domain. Furthermore, the corresponding thermal conductivity is derived from the function of temperature and the elastic constant of the behavior of the perturbed region. Furthermore, the numerical calculations are displayed and discussed in connection with the different model parameters. The coherent relationship between traveling phonons and the localized vibration modes at the lamellar structures explains the correlation between changes in the conductance spectra and Fabry Perot resonances.

Evaluation of Four Methods for Estimating monthly Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) for a Semi-Humid Region in Algeria: A Case Study of Staoueli zone

Abdelmalik Zerouali, Fatima Hiouani, Brahim Mouhouche Abdelmalek Guessoum — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Evapotranspiration is a critical factor in the water balance. However, it is unclear how climate drivers affect its two main components: transpiration and soil evaporation, across the global land surface. This paper uses a well-validated, process-based model to estimate transpiration and soil evaporation [1]. Soil evaporation and transpiration from plants represent the combined evaporation from the soil surface and are not well understood or frequently measured. Actual evapotranspiration is influenced by climatic factors but is constrained by the available moisture in the soil. In contrast, potential evapotranspiration refers to the amount of water that would be lost from a surface completely covered with vegetation if there is sufficient water in the soil at all times for the use of the vegetation. This is solely dependent on climate. [2]

Four formulas have been developed to estimate potential evapotranspiration. The objective of this study is to assess methods for estimating evapotranspiration in a sub-humid region, followed by calibration and validation of the most effective method. To achieve this, we utilized a dataset of climate variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed, and measured evapotranspiration, collected at the Dar El Beida meteorological station from 1990 to 2022 [3]. The methods were compared by evaluating their obtained values with measured evapotranspiration, using various statistical comparison parameters. The findings indicate that the Bouchet model outperforms the other three methods, providing a closer approximation to the measured evapotranspiration.

The Corporate Video and Achieving Social Acceptance of the Institution: A Semiological Analytical Study of the A-TECH Corporate Video

Fouzia Bouchi — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The institution relies on relationships with its audience in the development of its economic, especially customers, as they constitute its ultimate target. One of the fundamental principles governing the establishment of these relationships is engaging in communication to provide them with accurate information about its activities. Among the most essential communication methods that have become necessary and utilized by institutions, particularly with the prevalence of the Internet, are "corporate videos."

Based on that, this study aims to examine how corporate videos contribute to the acceptance of the institution by its audience in the global community it engages with through digital corporate videos. We have identified the acceptance domain to diagnose it in two dimensions: social and cultural. To achieve this, we conducted a semiotic analysis with a socio-communicative perspective on a purposive sample represented by the corporate video of A-TECH Algerian, a producer of personal protective equipment against risks and fire-fighting. We relied on the intellectual foundations of Heider's balance theory. Through this study, we have reached the following important results:

- A-TECH institution appears in the video, emphasizing its social and spatial belonging, and showcasing its inclination towards advanced ideas and technology.

- The cultural identity of the institution as depicted in the video, combines local values referencing the society to which the organization belongs (Algeria), as well as elements resulting from interaction through communication technology.

In conclusion, we were able to confirm the state of balance achieved by the symbolic messages contained in this video concerning the beliefs and attitudes of contemporary society, which expands the domain of acceptance and reduces the domain of rejection.

The Attenuating Effect of the Aqueous Extract of the Flower of Opuntia Ficus Indica Against Lead-Induced Reprotoxicity in the Wistar Rat

Naouel Boudjema, Zeyneb Ladouali — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of Opuntia ficus indica flower aqueous extract against lead (Pb)-induced reprotoxicity in male Wistar rats administered orally for 4 weeks. These are divided into 6 groups: the control group (C), 2 positive controls treated with the aqueous extract of the flower of Opuntia ficus indica F1 and F2 respectively (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg of body weight/day) ;1 group treated with lead (50 mg/kg body weight/ day) and 2 groups of combined treatment treated with lead and aqueous extract of opuntia ficus indica flowers (F1 + Pb), (F2 + Pb).Extracts of Opuntia ficus indica flowers are the subject of a phytochemical study. After 30 days of oral administration, the absolute weight of the testicles and of the epididymis, the plasma levels of testosterone are evaluated; in addition to sperm biology parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, velocity (VCL, VSL and VAP), cross-level (BCF) and DNA fragmentation test are evaluated by the CASA system. Testicular glutathione and epididymal (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are also evaluated. The results obtained show a significant reduction in testosterone levels, absolute testicular and epididymal weights, live sperm, VCL, VSL, VAP, BCF, GSH and GPX as well as an increase in dead spermatozoa and MDA in the group treated with lead (Pb) compared to the control group (C) and the positive controls, the administration of the aqueous extract of the flowers of opuntia ficus indica in the combination groups (F1+Pb and F2+Pb) caused an attenuating effect against lead-induced toxicity. Even the phytochemical study confirms that the methanolic extract of Opuntia ficus indica extract is rich in tannins and flavonoids.

The Legitimacy of Appeals in Final Real Estate Numbering and Their Reasons in Algerian Legislation

Bouguenna abdallah Dhahabi khalifa — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since independence, the Algerian legislator has been concerned with purifying and stabilizing real estate ownership, which is manifested through the establishment of a public land survey system. To this end, the state has implemented several regulatory measures and mobilized all material and human resources to generalize this system across the entire nation. The implementation of the real estate survey ultimately aims to deliver to each property owner in the country their real estate book, which serves as the official document to prove ownership. This achieves the protection and stability of real estate ownership. However, this stability remains relative because property owners in Algeria, under the system of in rem rights, remain at risk of losing their ownership since the legislator has granted the right to appeal final numbering and real estate registers. Undoubtedly, this situation has posed several challenges and is supported by a multitude of reasons, whether appearing at the beginning of the process, during the survey operations, or after the submission of documents and numbering process at the level of the property registry. Therefore, it is imperative to find deterrent solutions to reduce this problem, which threatens the stability of real estate ownership on one hand and burdens the judiciary with disputes that could be avoided. This can only be achieved by reconsidering many points, amending some procedures, reviewing some committees involved in the process, and eliminating the inconsistencies and disparities between texts and provisions so that we can have a robust survey and real estate registration system that achieves the goals and purposes set by the legislator in a manner that allows for the protection and stability of ownership.

Building a Proposed Training Program to Develop Social Skills among a Sample of Nurses" Theoretical Study.

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The social skills are the tool that enables the nurse working in the health sector to provide quality socio-psychological therapeutic health services to the citizen while maintaining his psychological, professional and social compatibility, And so the researchers did this study, which would achieve the above by building a training program that contributes to the development of social skills among a sample of nurses.

Historical and Archaeological Study of Tlemcen Al-Ziyaniya a Brief Presentation on the Restoration of Some of its Archaeological Monuments- the Royal Palace “Al-Mashwar is a Model” –

Yamina Tassakourth, Mohammed Khobeizi — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The status of nations is gauged by the extent to which they have contributed to progress and civilization. Under Islam, which extended its conquests from India in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, this contribution became more comprehensive and profound. Open countries had already possessed a scientific and artistic civilization, yet Islamic civilization enriched it with inspiration in its arts, dominated by Islamic spirit. The successive Islamic states left behind a material civilization and enduring relics that unequivocally indicate their greatness, magnified by the greatness of Islam that unified them. Historians of civilization rely on their knowledge of the conditions and customs of nations, their advancements, sophistication, daily lives, as well as their architectural, industrial, and artistic skills, all based on the artifacts and remains left by those nations. Islamic civilization, in this regard, possesses from its architectural and artistic heritage, solid facts that constitute a rich record of the progress and prosperity of Islamic society. Muslims bequeathed to us various religious, civil, military, and social structures, in addition to numerous artifacts and arts mastered by Muslims, attaining levels of refinement and perfection, such as sculpture, painting, metalworking, textiles, woodworking, glassmaking, and so forth. This is indeed what came to us from the Zayyanids in Tlemcen and the entire Maghreb region, through one particular example we have chosen, a model of creativity and the spirit of Islamic palaces, exemplified by the Almoravid palace "Qal'at al-Mashur".

Study of the Inhibition Effect of Cymbopogon Extracts on the Corrosion of the X52 Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The effect of Cymbopogon extracts on the corrosion rates of mild steel X52 in 20 % of solution for H2SO4 has been investigated at 25 °C by potentiodynamic polarization method.

The maximum inhibition efficiency (% Pol) was approximately 96.7 %. As far as we know the anticorrosive behavior of this plant has never been undertaken elsewhere.

Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Cladodes of Opuntia Ficus Indica Cultivated in the Mascara Region (North-West of Algeria)

NAIR Samira, MELIANI Amina, BRAHIMI Zoulikha , BOUHALI Choumaissa ZEMOUR Hafidh — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus indica), a cactus belonging to the Opuntia genus, which holds multiple virtues, remains underutilized in Algeria. The cladodes of the Barbary fig are traditionally used as precious foods as well as in folk medicine. This study is designed to contribute to the valorization of Opuntia ficus indica paddles cultivated in Mascara (Northwest Algeria) by determining the phytochemical composition and evaluating antioxidant activity.The phytochemical characterization of the cladodes has shown that they represent significant sources of bioactive substances with interesting physicochemical properties. The antioxidant power results demonstrated that the methanolic extract of O.F.I cladodes is more active than other extracts across all 3 tests conducted (β-carotene bleaching, DPPH, and FRAP) with lower IC50 values (1,970µg/ml, 4,816 µg/ml, 3,98 µg/ml). Additionally, at the same tested concentrations, the inhibition percentages obtained by the DPPH and FRAP tests are lower than those of the β-carotene bleaching method.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), in the El-Oued Region (South-East Algeria)

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Groundwater, serving critical requirements for both drinking and irrigation, is a vital and irreplaceable resource. The objective of this paper is to assess the quality of unconfined aquifers in the El-Oued region located in the northern Sahara of Algeria. The assessment employs two practical analysis models, namely the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), with a focus on irrigation and domestic water use. In this investigation, an extensive set of 113 samples was gathered from diverse locations to undergo analysis and assessment.

The WQI findings indicate that 38% of the samples exhibit very poor to unsafe water quality, characterized by strong to very strong salinity unfit for all uses. Conversely, 62% of the study area samples demonstrate good water quality with moderate salinity suitable for both domestic and irrigation purposes.

The Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI) was calculated to assess the level of nitrate (NO3) contamination in the El-Oued region water’s. According to the NPI results, 24% of the samples indicate high to very high pollution levels unsuitable for any use, while 76% of the study area samples exhibit low to moderate pollution, making them suitable for irrigation purposes. The elevated nitrate pollution in the unconfined aquifer observed in urban areas is attributed to human activities, such as improper waste disposal in open areas and infiltration of sewage.

The Overall Chinese Model For Embracing Financial Inclusion

Antara Berbache, Mohamed Khalil Bouhelais, Ahcene Said — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims to present the general Chinese model through which financial inclusion is adopted as a concept with clear significance through the path of development and promotion, in addition to ways to achieve digitization within the framework of financial technology, with reference to the current status of the extent to which the concept of financial inclusion has been adopted.

The study finds that universal access to a wide range of affordable financial services provided by a variety of sustainable institutions must be sought.

Challenges Facing Educational Research and Proposed Mechanisms for its Implementation in Reality

Benkaida Messaouda — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In light of the challenges facing specialised research in educational sciences in the academic and field settings in Algeria, this article aims to assess the current state of educational research in Algeria, including the obstacles and problems that hinder its implementation or the use of its results and recommendations in reality. In addition, it presents several proposals to address these issues and enable educational research to contribute to the improvement of the educational landscape.

Trade secrets

Mohamed El Mahdi Bekraoui Malika DJAMA — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Trade secrets occupy an important and prominent place among industrial property issues, as they have become one of the most important intangible assets of industrial and commercial companies. They provide these companies with a competitive advantage in both local and global markets due to the valuable information they contain. It is therefore necessary for the legislator to protect the owners of trade secrets from any infringement of this information, which they wish to keep confidential.

Although the Algerian legislator has introduced, repealed and replaced many provisions relating to industrial property rights as part of the adaptation of the Algerian legal system to protect intellectual property in line with its accession to the World Trade Organisation and the TRIPS Agreement, trade secrets have not been subject to comprehensive legal regulation.

In the absence of a comprehensive legal regime for the protection of trade secrets, as opposed to the patent system or other industrial property systems in Algerian legislation, we raise the following question How can trade secrets be protected under Algerian law? Are general rules sufficient to protect trade secrets or is specific regulation required?

Communities of Western Sudan between Pagan Residues and Islamic Influences: from the Fifth to the Ninth Hijri Centuries

Ahmed Benkheira — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Western Sudan is a geographical area where pagan culture interacted with Islamic influences. These lands had significant relations with Muslims, especially with the Muslim Maghreb countries, which politically, economically, and socially affected Western Sudan. Tribal and familial structures constitute the basis of society in Western Sudan, through which Islamic influences were conveyed to power and the state as a whole. They served as the primary conduit for receiving these influences, leading to the alteration of most customs, traditions in attire, mentalities, behaviors, and other aspects of civilization. This change encompassed components of these families, starting from women, then children, and the rest of the family members, as well as other political, social, and cultural structures. It is noteworthy that this change, in its essence, has produced a Sudanese Muslim society blending African and Arab cultures, demonstrating advanced civilizational aspects.

Challenges of Informatics and Social Values for Metaverse Technology in Light of the Advantages and Benefits of Using the Technology and Risks of Employing Content

Hamza Guedda — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

this study aims to encompass the technical characteristics of the emerging metaverse technology and space, in addition to identifying the most important features of this technology, its areas of use, and its benefits. it primarily aims to survey the informational content and values of the technology and its challenges for the individual user and, by extension, the broader societal entity. based on research procedures, the study has shown that the metaverse is a future technology characterized by quality and precision, and it holds numerous advantages if used in fields such as education and marketing, to name but a few. however, this technology is not without its informational risks at the level of personal data security for the individual user, as well as ethical and value risks for users primarily, and risks to both physical and psychological aspects.

Practices of Public Relations in the Field of Tourism Media Campaign Planning

Mohamed Bachir Mahmoudi, Saad Belmadani — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The practice of public relations in the tourism sector acts as a bridge for communication between those interested in tourism both domestically and internationally. It functions to establish and strengthen both formal and informal relationships, resulting in an increase in the number of tourists, whether local or foreign. Additionally, it works on spreading tourism awareness and developing a spirit of knowledge about everything related to the tourism sector at various levels and classifications. Moreover, it brings together those interested in and benefiting from tourism both domestically and internationally, aiming to build a strong promotional tourism base that serves as the core for tourism media campaigns both within the country and abroad.

The Legal System for Economic Real Estate in Algeria in Light of Law No. 23-17

Mohammed Lamine Selkh — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Among the major concerns raised by investors in Algeria, whether Algerian or foreign, is the difficulty of obtaining suitable real estate for their projects, regardless of the type. The Algerian legislator has repeatedly attempted to solve this problem by establishing a specific legal framework for it. The latest of these attempts was the issuance of Law No. 23-17, which sets the conditions and procedures for granting state-owned economic real estate for investment projects. This law aims to address issues that previous regulations could not solve. This article will highlight the most significant new features introduced by this law and the extent to which they contribute to establishing a legal framework that meets investors' hopes and aspirations to obtain economic real estate. It also aims to fulfill the requirements of legal security when exploiting such real estate, and, conversely, achieve the Algerian legislator's aspirations to promote investment and boost the economy.

Testing the impact of the Double Deficit on Algeria’s Economic Growth, Standard Study 1982-2021.

Mohammed Mekkaoui Mohamed Kouici, Mohamed Elhachemi Hadjadj — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This standard study aims to test the impact of the double deficit on Algeria's economic growth, for the period 1982-2021, using the Johansson joint integration method, the Granger causality test and the FM-LOS method.

The study identified a long-term integration relationship between economic growth and various economic variables. Additionally, it assessed that there is no causal link between economic growth and either the budget deficit or the balance-of-trade deficit in either direction. However, it observed a one-way causal link from the budget deficit to the trade balance deficit, aligning with treasury theory. Moreover, the study found an expulsive relationship between the balance budget deficit and economic growth, as well as an inverse relationship between economic growth and the trade balance deficit, which is in line with economic logic.

Structured family, protective family

Ghania Mansour, Karim Mekiri — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Using a clinical approach, this research explores the role of a structured family in protecting adolescents who experienced potentially traumatic extreme violence during the 1990s in Algeria.

This research is based on the analysis of family representations of ten young adults who experienced terrorism during their adolescence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the degree of structure within these families. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was also analysed in order to assess the subjects' defensive quality and intrapsychic adaptive capacity (by evaluating the coherence of the TAT narratives).

The analysis of the interviews and TAT protocols reveals a relationship between the degree of family structure and the psychological resilience of the subjects. In fact, subjects who come from structured families show resilience and the ability to develop defence mechanisms that contribute to adaptation.

On the other hand, subjects from unstructured families show significant psychological distress, leading to the use of defensive modes based on avoidance, inhibition or recourse to archaic mechanisms.

Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator Circuit Design Using 130nm CMOS Technology

Abdelghani Dendouga, Brahim Lakehal — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents a detailed study on the design and implementation of a continuous-time Sigma- Delta (ΣΔ) modulator. The objective of this research is to achieve high-precision analog-to-digital conversion with improved performance in terms of resolution and noise shaping capabilities. The modulator is designed using a two-stage architecture for the operational amplifier (Op-Amp) to enhance power efficiency and space utilization. The paper outlines the design methodology, which involves circuit analysis, component selection, and simulation to optimize the modulator's performance. Various performance metrics are considered, including resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), distortion, and dynamic range. The designed continuous-time Sigma-Delta modulator is implemented using advanced electronic design automation (EDA) tools, and the performance is evaluated through extensive simulations. The simulations are conducted utilizing standard CMOS technology, and the modulator's behavior is analyzed under different operating conditions.

Kaolin Valorisation as a Raw Material of Geopolymer Cement for Road Pavement Construction Used for Stabilizing Untreated Gravel

Khadhra ALLALI, Nabil BELLA1, Abderrahmane MEKKAOUI — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Road construction plays a vital role in a nation's development. However, increased traffic loads and road pavement degradation have led to the adoption of innovative materials, such as geopolymer cement (GPC), to address environmental concerns associated with conventional cement usage. GPC, produced through a chemical reaction involving alkali hydroxide, silicate, and aluminosilicate precursors, offers a solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and utilize low CO₂emission technics. This study focuses on gravel treatment by alkali-activated metakaolin as the geopolymer precursor and activated with a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Laboratory tests, including modified Proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and unconfined compressive strength assessments, were performed with different NaOH dosages (8, 10, and 12 moles) in geopolymer-treated gravel. The results showed that geopolymer-treated gravel outperformed conventional cement-treated gravel, exhibiting higher dry density and unconfined compressive strength while meeting road foundation layer design standards. This research found that metakaolin-based geopolymer cement can substitut Portland cement in gravel treatment used in flexible pavement base layers, offering a sustainable alternative for road infrastructure development.

Characterization Physic-Mechanical and Fatigue of Date Palm Wood (Bechar-Algeria Region)

Ahmed Badraoui, Ali Chaoufi, Ali Benzegaou — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Many researchers are currently looking into finding affordable alternative materials, taking advantage of natural waste or recycled materials. Among these resources, date palms stand out for their availability and durability. This study focuses on the physical and mechanical characterization and fatigue strength of the date palm trunk, with the aim of evaluating their potential for use as reinforcement in composite and insulating materials. The tests carried out are intended to determine the mechanical properties and fatigue strength of fibrous wood. The results obtained demonstrate a physical and mechanical characterization in accordance with the standards reported by the majority of researchers, while the fatigue tests reveal the capacity of the test pieces to withstand a defined number of cycles under a specific load.

Optimization of Shrimp Shell Waste Deproteinization and Deacetylation for Chitosan Production Using a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD)

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Chitosan is deacetylated chitin, the second most common polysaccharide after cellulose. The diverse applications of chitosan are directly linked to the properties of the polymer, which vary depending on the extraction process. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the deproteinization and deacetylation of chitin and to elucidate their effect on the residual protein level, the level of deacetylation (DD), and the yield of extracted material. The selected responses were studied using a 25-1 fractional factorial design with five factors and two levels of variation. The factors tested were A NaOH concentration, B = reaction time, C temperature, D = Particle size, and E = Solid/Liquid ratio. Using the ANOVA regression equation gives a coefficient of determination R2 = (99.62%, 99.72%, and 99.90%) for the residual protein level, the deacetylation (DD), and yield, respectively, indicating the precision of the predicted model. The minimum of residual proteins, the maximum deacetylation DD% and yield% reached under those conditions corresponds to the concentration of NaOH (20%,40%), temperature (40°C,129.88°C), reaction time (15.03,60min), particle size of (0.3,01mm) and Solid/Liquid ratio of (1/10.02,1/15 g/ml). After carrying out the validation test, the chitosan obtained presents a yield, ash rate, residual proteins, a DD%, solubility, crystallinity, and a molecular weight of 16.16±0.22, 0.124±0.002, 2.08±0.05%, 87.13±0.16%, 97.02±0.09%, 44.32%, and 107.47±0.44KDa respectively.

Synthesis of 3-Cyclohexanecarbonyl-2(3H)-Benzoxazolone and 3-Cyclohexanecarbonyl-2(3H)-Benzothiazolone Derivatives

Guenadil Faouzi — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, 3- cyclohexanecarbonyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 3- cyclohexanecarbonyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolone derivatives have been synthesized in excellent yields by condensation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone derivatives with cyclohexanecarbonyl acid chloride using sodium ethylate in a mixture of acetone-water (9/1) as solvent. The structures of synthesized derivatives were identified by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.

Philosophy and Reality: A Historical Approach

Chadli Houari — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Contemporary philosophy increasingly seeks its relevance amidst real-world concerns, especially given the paradigm shifts triggered by advancements in science and society. These shifts have seemingly marginalized philosophical thought, portraying it as detached theoretical speculation with no tangible connection to reality. This speculation is often criticized for its insular logic and metaphysical confines, suggesting a disconnect from practical issues. Such views, typically espoused by idealists, narrowly cast theoretical philosophy as the sole embodiment of philosophical inquiry, based on a restrictive interpretation that fails to capture the discipline's full scope. However, a closer examination of philosophy's history and its comprehensive theories reveals a discipline deeply engaged with the empirical world. Philosophical thought has historically responded to contemporary events and practices, reflecting diverse lifestyles and intellectual currents. Philosophy's history encompasses a spectrum of theoretical and empirical thought, urging scholars to unearth the strands of realism within the cognitive fields of philosophical history.

Educational Policy and Ensuring Continuity of Education in Timesof Crises through Forward-Looking Educational Planning

Meriem Ramdani — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper discusses the reality of educational policy in its aspect related to educational foresight planning, in order to identify the mechanisms used to confront crises in the event of their occurrence, after the world witnessed the closure and suspension of various life activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Algeria, as a country with its own educational policy, was forced to implement emergency decisions that were not previously planned, which caused a shock in the educational community and imposed an unusual situation. Therefore, this research aims to identify the ways that educational planning can adopt to confront future sudden crises through an analytical and descriptive approach to the concept of proactive educational planning in times of crisis.

Interest of Primary School Principals in Physical Education and Sports Class (Field Study Among Physical Education Teachers)

Maireche Tawfiq Mederres Moustafa — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to determine the interest of primary school principals in physical education and sport class from the perspective of physical education teachers in the state of Tissemsilt. The descriptive analytical method was used for its suitability for this study. The researchers relied on the study populationwhich was estimated at (130) physical education teachers in primary schools in the state of Tissemsilt. The questionnaire was used as a research tool, and after collecting the data, the statistical package SPSS was used to analyze the results. The most important results of the research indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the interest of primary school principals from the perspective of teachers in physical education and sports class attributed to variables such as gender, years of experience, and place of residence.

The Impact of Modern Media on Commercial Advertising.

Sennour Fatima Al-Zahra — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Competition law refers to the set of legal and regulatory provisions applied to institutions in their market activities, with the aim of regulating competition between them. It should be noted that the market, in the context of competition law, does not refer to the physical places where trade is carried out, but rather to the economic concept itself, as defined in Article 3 of Decree 03/03 on Competition, as amended.

Commercial advertising has requirements and principles that must be respected in light of Law 04-02, which includes rules applicable to commercial practices and how the public authority deals with deceptive commercial advertising methods, especially those related to social media networks.

Cyber-Bullying and its Relationship with Positive and Negative Thinking among School-Aged Adolescents: A Field Study on a Sample of Adolescents Studying at Abbas Laghrour Secondary School in Batna State

Aicha Serrar — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between electronic bullying and positive and negative thinking among school-aged adolescents in Batna State, Algeria. The study used a descriptive correlational methodology and was conducted on a sample of 30 male and female high school students. The study used the Electronic Bullying Scale and the Positive and Negative Thinking Scale as research instruments.

The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the Electronic Bullying Scale and the Positive and Negative Thinking Scale among adolescents. However, the hypothesis regarding gender and educational level did not hold for both positive and negative thinking.

The Manifestation of Citizenship in School books a Reading of Civics Books for Primary Education in Algeria

Ghania Dif — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Education for citizenship is based on the use of education as a mechanism for embodying the values and dimensions of citizenship, which are linked to general social, political and cultural transformations at both local and global levels. Textbooks serve as a means of transmission and undoubtedly contain rules, norms and dimensions related to the organisation of social and human life. However, behind this apparent image there are also implications, challenges and contradictions related to the level of intellectual and political development of society, its political authority and historical processes, as well as the clarity of the social project it represents. For this reason, the subject of citizenship in textbooks, especially in civics textbooks, has attracted the attention of numerous local and international studies within the framework of what is known as the sociology of curricula or the sociology of the textbook.

The conceptualisation of citizenship in Algerian textbooks suffers from confusion, mainly due to the borrowing of the concept from its historical and political field, without a scientific examination of the limits of this borrowing. As a result, the meaning of citizenship fluctuates between its original reference, in which it was born and developed, and the fabricated meaning associated with another historical and civilisational reference, in an attempt to combine what is not local with what is deeply rooted in mental structures and collective consciousness.

This article seeks to explore the methods by which authors of civics textbooks for primary education in Algeria have overcome this confusion, and how they have constructed the new meaning tailored to the Algerian context in order to identify its characteristics.

Features of the Modern Mental School in the Interpretation of Ahmed Abdul Salam Mohammed Abu Mezireq Al-Libi

Bey Benzid, Benziane Khaled — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The subject of this research is an attempt to identify the features of the Modern School of thought in the interpretation of Ahmed Abdus Salam Muhammad Abi mezireq al-Libi, who is called "the guide of the Hayran to the meanings of the Quran".

To clarify the purpose of the research, this study first dealt with the definition of this school and its most important leaders and the circumstances of its origin with a focus on reviewing the general curriculum that characterizes this school in dealing with Sharia texts from Quranic verses and prophetic hadiths.

This study focused on the applied aspect by selecting models from the interpretation of Abu mezriq al-Libi, which dealt in particular with the verses of the creed, whether related to the occultations or the news, where the influence of the interpreter of this school was clearly manifested in terms of presenting the mind on the transmission by going beyond the interpretation of the aphorisms of the predecessor, as well as the response of the hadiths of the correct from one way of the doctrines, which is one of the most important characteristics of this school.

The Use of Symbolic Language and its Impact on the Construction of Human Values: A Reading of "Risale-I Nur" by Said Nursi

Djihad Khaoula Dambri, Sarra Ouatbasse, Rima Mechouma — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to provide an analytical reading of "Risale-i Nur" El kalimat (Words and Writings) as a model of sign/symbolic language used by Said Nursi in his works in general and in particular in his interpretation of the Holy Quran. It explores the pedagogical and symbolic use of stories and proverbs to stimulate the mind and draw attention to the ethical and moral dimensions that Said Nursi seeks to instil in the hearts of both the general public and the elites, creating an ethical foundation for the morally upright individual without relying heavily on Sufi interpretive terminology. Nursi's approach is characterised by a reasonable and simplified style that can be embraced by any intellectual group, leading them to God through the messages of "Risale-i Nur". The ultimate goal is to cultivate proactive, positive and fruitful human beings who can contribute to the establishment of an Islamic nation based on the Qur'anic and Prophetic teachings, challenging the secular reality that contradicts the faith and morals of contemporary Muslims

Digital Drugs and Their Implications on the Mental Health of School Students

Foutia Fatiha — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The scourge of drugs has become a real danger threatening individuals and societies, both poor and rich alike, in our current times. Due to the repercussions of this phenomenon on morals and public health, it leads to the emergence of deadly diseases and the dissolution of values and ethics in society. We note the terrible evolution that this serious social phenomenon is experiencing in its various types and manifestations, where today we talk about electronic or digital drugs, which have become a real danger to society in general and to our youth in particular.

This type is still unknown and is characterized by features that differ from other types of drugs, due to its association with the digital space and technology. This research paper aims to highlight the most important causes leading to the emergence of this problem, as well as its harms and dangers to the health of the addict.

Life in the Middle Maghreb Through the Book "Durar Al-Muknunah Fi Nawazil Mazouna" - Prayer Questions as a Model

Ouenes Salah Eddine — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This scholarly paper attempts to present some aspects of The Middle Maghreb society through books of fatwas and legal issues, shedding light on an important source by Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Musa ibn Isa ibn Yahya Al-Maghili Al-Mazouni (d. 883 AH/1478 CE). He rendered significant services to his community and the Islamic nation as a whole through the answers he elaborated in his legal encyclopaedia "Durar al-Muknunah fi Nawazil Mazouna", which were in line with their reality, addressed the concerns of people from different social classes and proposed practical solutions to their problems in various fields: worship, personal affairs, economics and behaviour. It became their sufficient guide and comprehensive legal reference.

The article focuses on one chapter of the book, specifically "Prayer Issues", by examining the legal issue and exploring it beyond its legal content. This approach reveals the political, cultural, ethical and doctrinal features of society. The book discusses all segments of society, including the poor and the rich, rulers, judges and merchants, especially the general public and the marginalised. It does not overlook women and discusses their situation. It describes some customs and traditions and highlights the environmental conditions of the society. It also emphasises the society's adherence to noble ethics. It can be said that the book vividly depicts the reality of the people, captures their hopes and offers a cure for their sorrows.

New Technique for High Performance of Double Stage One Linear Cavity Fiber Laser

Rih Mohamed, Belloui Bouzid — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

We report and demonstrate a new Double Stage One Linear Cavity (DSOLC) erbium-doped fiber laser. This study is a characterization and analysis of high performance of new fiber laser based on simulation and experimental results. The two mentioned configurations suppress the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) and produce a high and stable output power of 22 dBm and 18 dBm at 1560 nm lasing wavelength for the simulated and experimental respectively. The DSOLC produces high output power from 1525 nm to 1565 nm tuning range using an output coupling ratio of 95% and two pumps of 220 mW.

Cross Sections for Scattering of Semiclassical Plasma Particles

Safia Benothmane, Amel Naam, Mohammed Tayeb Meftah — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the most fundamental processes in plasma physics is binary-particle interaction, of which the etectron-etectron interaction is the most well-known example. The collision has attracted more attention due to its superior energy-exchange mechanism and numerous significant applications, such as plasma heating and acceleration, in addition to theoretical considerations. We offer a theoretical estimate of the scattering cross sections of collisions in quantum plasmas that are screening in this review paper. In particular, using a newly proposed potential, we concentrate on the electron-electron interactions for semiclassical plasma. Lastly, the behaviors of electron scattering cross sections as a function of various factors are shown.

Prediction of Molecular Lipophilicity for Aromatic Aldehydes to Tetrahymena Pyriformis Using QSPR Approach

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, a predictive QSPR (quantitative structure–property relationship) model was developed using Dragon descriptors to estimate the lipophilicity (LogKow) of aromatic aldehydes. The model was constructed with a dataset of 77 compounds and utilized multiple linear regression analysis, along with the combination of the ordinary least square regression method and genetic algorithm-based variable subset selection. The resulting model exhibited a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 88.71% and a standard error of estimation (s) of 0.324 log unit, indicating its reliability. Further validation was performed on an independent test set of 23 compounds, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in predicting the lipophilicity of new aromatic aldehydes. This valuable information can aid in drug design and optimization efforts, potentially facilitating the development of novel pharmaceuticals.

The Reality of Work Values and Their Impact on Society and Social Institutions: A Theoretical Study

Bougheddou Rachida — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

As stated in the preamble of the constitutional amendment for the year 2020, the Algerian state has sought and continues to be committed to preventing and combating corruption. To this end, it has worked on enhancing its efforts in this field and establishing a new mechanism through the latest constitution as an alternative to the National Authority for the Prevention of Corruption and its Combating. This mechanism is represented by the Supreme Authority for Transparency and Corruption Prevention, in line with the international agreements ratified by Algeria regarding the prevention and combating of corruption. Later, the legal text regulating this authority was issued, encompassing its various powers and strengthening its essential role in promoting transparency and preventing corruption at both the domestic and international levels.

Magnesium Deficiency: An Often Overlooked Contributor to Global Vitamin D Insufficiency

Nasr-Eddine Kebir, Yahia bellil, Wassila Chahrour — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Magnesium and vitamin D collaborate closely, influencing numerous cellular functions throughout the body. Their combined action is crucial for the proper operation of various organs, and a shortage of either or both can disrupt metabolic balance with significant consequences. Such deficiency inevitably disturbs fundamental metabolic processes essential for overall well-being. Recent observational studies underscore the notable interplay between magnesium intake and vitamin D levels.

All enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism appear to rely on magnesium, which serves as a co-factor in enzymatic reactions occurring in the liver and kidneys. It's noteworthy that the activity of vitamin D-binding protein also depends on magnesium. Hence, magnesium insufficiency is a covert factor contributing to overall vitamin D deficiency, yet magnesium supplementation has been shown to effectively address this deficiency. Thus, maintaining adequate magnesium levels is crucial for optimizing the functions and benefits of vitamin D. This review explores the physiological aspects of magnesium, the metabolic pathways of both magnesium and vitamin D, potential metabolic interactions between the two, their clinical significance, and the potential benefits of magnesium supplementation in sustaining optimal vitamin D levels.

The Psychological Pressure Experienced by Pilots: a Sample Pilots in Algerian Airlines

Tliba Dalila, Amamra Samira — Thu, 04 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the current study was to investigate the level of psychological pressure among pilots working for Air Algerie and to identify whether there are differences in the level of psychological pressure among the sample individuals attributed to the variables of social status and years of experience. The current study followed an exploratory descriptive approach, and the sample consisted of 230 pilots selected using stratified random sampling. The Psychological Pressure Scale by Lavenstein (1993) was employed. The study's results revealed the following:

- The presence of a moderate level of psychological pressure among pilots working for Air Algerie.

- The presence of statistically significant differences in the level of psychological pressure among the sample individuals attributed to the variables of social status and years of experience.

Enhancing Students' Academic Achievement through Teacher-Enhanced Peer Assessment Strategy: An Investigation of effectiveness

Abdellatif Guenoua, Mostefa Mansour — Thu, 04 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the enhanced peer assessment strategy in enhancing students' academic achievement. To achieve this, we employed an experimental method with a two-group design on a sample of first-year middle school students at Hamama Al-Ilmi Middle School in El Oued. We randomly selected two groups, with an average of 38 students per class. After ensuring the equivalence between the groups, we implemented the enhanced peer assessment strategy on the experimental group, while the control group relied on self-assessment throughout the second semester of 2022/2023 in the subject of natural sciences. Following the experiment, we conducted an achievement test on both groups, revealing statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. This confirms the effectiveness of the enhanced peer assessment strategy in enhancing academic achievement, allowing teachers to utilize this strategy to contribute and extend its impact to other aspects of thinking skills and social skills.

Use Media and Communication Technology in the Field of Islamic Media

Saouli Abdelmalik — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

in this study i discussed to the role of modern technologies in contributing to conveying the message of islam to the world in easy and effortless ways ,and without financial costs or human efforts ,after this was entrusted to the newspapers in the beginning, developed greaty after the invention of radio , when he became the announcer’s voice breaks through the blocking to reach the general public at no cost, or at low cost, television came to add to that melodious voice picture of that broadcaster is inform anyone as much as he can , rather it employs qualified people , to complete the task with the help of scholars and thinkers , until the internet came , which world of communications in transmitting texts , images , and videos effortlessly, sometimes at not cost , it is available to everyone without discrimination ,the field has become a site of competition between content makers , here the knights of islam had the opportunity to have their say, and to make conquests from their desks and chairs across various networks , and from various places , to defend islam , and remove suspicions from him , but rather presented in its pure form from its sources, and communicate it to every point in the world , all this establich the argument for everyone, freedom of choice remains for everyone.

Algerian Bank's Position on Adopting the Principles of Financial Governance

Boubaker Chemakhi , Selma Ataouat , Elmahdi Bakader, Ahmed Noureddine Belarbi — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study uses data from the International Monetary Fund for the financial period from 2010 to 2020 to investigate the degree of Algerian banks' ability and adherence to the implementation of financial governance standards. The applied study used the analytical method, while the theoretical analysis used the inductive approach. The inductive approach was adopted in the theoretical study, while the applied study adopted the analytical approach. The study concluded There is a partial application of the principles of financial governance within Algerian bank's after the reforms carried out by the regulatory authorities in the financial sector in Algeria. The results showed that adherence to the principles of financial governance enhances the transparency of the financial statements of banks in particular and banking activity in general.

The Legal Regime of Demolition Permits in Algerian Legislation

Berrebih Mehieddine — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Demolition permits serve as a control mechanism employed by the administration to safeguard the environment from the dangers associated with the demolition of buildings. While individuals originally had the freedom to demolish their buildings without prior administrative authorization, the Algerian legislature has restricted this freedom by requiring a demolition permit for buildings protected by the provisions of Law No. 98-04 on the Protection of Cultural Heritage or when dictated by technical and safety requirements.

Relationship of Perceived Locus of Control with Perceived Psychological Stress and Coping Strategies among Nurses: A Field Study in Hospitals of Blida, Algeria, Médéa, and Ain Defla

Fathia Bouaicha — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The main objective of this study revolves around attempting to understand the significance of differences between locus of control, perceived psychological stress, and coping strategies among nurses. To validate these hypotheses, a purposive sample of 152 nurses, including 82 male nurses and 70 female nurses, aged between 22 and 53 years, was selected. The Rotter Locus of Control Scale, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and Paulhan's Coping Strategies were administered to the sample individuals. After testing the research hypotheses, the following results were obtained:

- There are significant differences between individuals with an internal locus of control and those with an external locus of control in terms of perceived psychological stress.

- There are significant differences between individuals with an internal locus of control and those with an external locus of control in the use of coping strategies.

The Role of Public Relations in the Management of the Health Crisis (Covid-19) in Algerian Institutions: The Case of Algerie Telecom

Babaouamer Abderrahmane — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Our study aims to highlight the role of public relations functions in managing the health crisis of COVID-19 in one of the prominent Algerian economic institutions, Algerie Telecom. This is achieved by evaluating the central strategic plan for managing the crisis in its various units across Algeria, with the aim of minimising the negative economic impact during the crisis and ensuring a minimum level of service to citizens.

The aim of the study was to recognise the importance of public relations functions in managing the health crisis of COVID-19, especially during the quarantine period, while ensuring the service activity in terms of receiving citizens and responding to their economic transactions on the one hand, and minimising the economic losses of the company on the other. Our study was based on a case study approach, focusing on the Algerie Telecom unit in Ghardaia, with a sample size of 50 people distributed over three centres of the institution located in the centre, east and west of the city.

The study showed that practising the tasks and functions of public relations within a clear and defined plan contributed significantly to managing the health crisis of COVID-19 in Algerie Telecom. A crisis communication strategy adopted by the central management of the institution and implemented in all its units helped to mitigate the negative economic impact that affected many institutions, both nationally and internationally.

Development of a Program that Visualizes the Magnetic Field in a Leneary Motor

Mazouz Azeddine, Tlili Salah — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Linear Single Induction Motor (LSIM) is obtained by cutting a rotary asynchronous motor along its longitudinal axis and developing it on a plane. The LSIM is one of the different conceivable structures that seems to be the most used. Its specific nature requires more powerful analysis methods to determine the distribution of the electromagnetic fields involved. The finite element method allows modeling in a very detailed way all the phenomena that occur within the linear induction motor. The finite element method, especially in two dimensions applied to the longitudinal section of a linear single induction motor, consists of describing the geometry of the section to be meshed in a plane, and then solving the general equations of electromagnetism. The purpose of our study is to implement the equation governing the operation of the LSIM and solve this equation using a numerical method that is of a nonlinear and non-stationary parabolic type due to the saturation of the medium.

The Level of Cognitive Achievement and its Relationship to Some Motor Traits Among(11-12-Year-Old Students in Physical Education Class)

Ababsa Houssam Eddine, Cherabcha Rafika — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study came in order to know the nature of the relationship between the level of cognitive achievement and some motor characteristics among students 11-12 years old in the physical education and sports class. In order to achievethis, weused the descriptive correlationalapproach on a sample of 32 students, and we used tests of agility, balance, motor coordination, and a test of cognitive achievement. Finally, we concluded that there is a strong positive relationship between the high level of cognitive achievement and some motor characteristics (agility, balance, motor coordination).

Interests of the Algerian Press in the Iraqi Revolution of 1920.

Attia Mohamed — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The French in Algeria worked to issue a set of newspapers to serve their interests and orientations, and these newspapers were distributed in urban areas, especially those with a European majority. However, few Algerians were familiar with it due to their ignorance of the French language and the high cost of acquiring it. This did not remain so, as work in the French administration helped the emergence of a group in Algerian society, especially in the late nineteenth century, who worked to practice free journalistic work represented in transmitting news and broadcasting advertisements. It later developed and established some newspapers and newspapers in Arabic.

However, these newspapers had disappeared with the World War, but they appeared strongly after that, and they had received rich material to write in them, including the issues of the Arab East, where the Iraqi revolution that took place in 1920 topped many of its pages. These newspapers covered most of the events of the revolution from its motives to its stages and then its results and elaborated on the features of English policy in Iraq, especially with regard to the issue of Mosul and the accession of King Faisal to Iraq in 1921.

Asphalt Mixture Performance through Dune Sand Incorporation and Lucobit 1210A Bitumen Modification for Sustainable Road Construction

Saci Ahmed, Kebaili Nabil, Zerrouki Moussa — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The use of dune sand in road and geotechnical structures demands extra attention due to its abundance and eco-friendly nature. This study delves into the science of flexible pavement mixture, initiating a transformative exploration within asphalt mixtures by highlighting pioneering innovations and the strategic integration of dune sand as a gravel alternative. A revolutionary modification involves the use of the common polymer "Lucobit 1210A," enhancing the cohesion of the mixture with polyethylene. The primary objective of the study is to track mechanical changes by adjusting the mix formula with varying proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of dune sand instead of gravel (0/3). Introducing Lucobit 1210A polymer at a 3% ratio to the base bitumen class 40/50 is done while considering temperature and mixing parameters. Various tests: Marshall, Duriez, rutting, and PCG, were conducted to examine (stability, flow, pressure resistance, rutting susceptibility, and void distribution). The incorporation of local dune sand leads to a series of mechanical improvements during bitumen modification. Flow increases remarkably by 32 % compared to the conventional mixture, with a substantial 17 % increase in wear resistance at a 15 % dune sand ratio, considered sufficient. The narrative doesn't stop there. The fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture evolves, making it suitable for roads with moderate traffic congestion. These results pave the way for adopting this exceptional asphalt integration in road construction projects. In an era of technological advancement and environmental concern, such findings signify a new era in road construction that aligns technical excellence with sustainability aspirations

The Degree to Which the Algerian School Administration Applies Governance Principles in Middle Education Schools from the Point of View of Teachers.

Chenna Mohamed Ridha, Hamama Ammar, Tahrawi Ahmed — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This scholarly enquiry was undertaken to ascertain the extent to which Algerian school management has been implementing the principles of governance within middle educational institutions, as perceived by the teaching staff in the academic establishments of El Oued city. In pursuit of this objective, the researchers employed a descriptive exploratory methodology, deemed apt for the subject matter at hand. The investigative process hinged on a survey instrument designed to illuminate the realities germane to this study. This instrument was deployed on a purposively selected, non-random sampling of educators engaged in middle-level education within various El Oued educational institutions, encompassing a total of 120 teachers of both genders. For the processing and analysis of data extracted from this study's fieldwork, the SPSS software was utilized. The study arrived at two principal findings:

1 - There exists a moderate degree of implementation of governance principles within the school administrative practices at the middle education level.

2 - No statistically significant disparities were observed amongst the sampled educators (both male and female) concerning the application of governance principles by the school administration in middle education schools of El Oued city. These findings were independent of variables such as gender, academic qualifications, and years of professional experience.

Psychological Fragility and its Relationship to the Risk Beliefs of Smoking Behavior Among Adolescent Students - A field Study at Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi Secondary School-

Abdelkarim Maamoun, Malika Ben Bordi, Fatima el zahraa Khalfaoui — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the current study was to investigate the statistically significant relationship between psychological fragility and beliefs about the risks of smoking behavior among adolescent students, and to assess the prevalence of smoking risk beliefs among educated adolescents. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the differences in smoking behavior based on educational status, as well as to examine the relationship between years of smoking and age. The appropriate descriptive methodology was employed for such studies, utilizing the Psychological Fragility Scale (Al-T'aani, Ababneh, & Khamaiseh, 2022) and the Smoking Behavior Beliefs Scale (Khalifa, 2000). The study sample consisted of 95 educated adolescent students. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22 statistical package. The results indicated:

There is a statistically significant relationship between psychological fragility and beliefs about smoking behavior among educated adolescent students at Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi Secondary School in Afula.
There is a high prevalence of smoking risk beliefs among educated adolescent students at Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi Secondary School in Aflou Algeria..
There is no relationship between smoking risk beliefs and age among educated adolescent students at Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi Secondary School in Afula.
There are no statistically significant differences in smoking risk beliefs based on educational status among the sample population.
There is a statistically significant relationship between years of smoking and psychological fragility among educated adolescent students.
There is no statistically significant relationship between years of smoking and smoking behavior beliefs among educated adolescent students.

The Role of Classification and Care of Prisoners in Social Reintegration: Between Legal Texts and Practical Reality in Algeria

Adda Bouhadda Mohammed Amine — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Prison Administration and Reintegration of prisoners Law serves as a source of hope for Algerian prisoners and their reintegration. This law aims to facilitate work outside the penal institution, either in open institution or otherwise. The reintegration of prisoners is carried out from a religious and social perspective, alongside vocational training, sports activities, and educational aspects. It is further supported by frequent visits to prisoners until their release. The Algerian state has established an effective penal policy focused on reintegrating prisoners into Algerian society. This policy operates within the penal institution (closed institution) as well. It emphasizes qualifying prisoners by providing a multidisciplinary scientific, social, and health environment. This environment equips them for direct integration into society upon completion of their sentence. Furthermore, Algeria plays a secondary role beyond the release of prisoners, aiding their reintegration into society. This is exemplified by the agreements concluded with various entities, particularly youth employment agencies, the National Agency for Youth Support and Employment, and the Ministry of Vocational Training and Education. These collaborations allow the rehabilitated detainee to integrate into civil society after leaving the penal institution.

The Reality of Masonic Symbols Embodied in the Content of Cartoons: A Semiotic Communication Approach According to Roland Barthes

Selami Saidani, Leila Feguiri — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current approach aims to uncover the advertising images in the characteristics of the content of symbols and ideas of the Masonic trend that dominated global cartoon production, and to use them as an enlightening function for social educational thought towards children by examining the connection of these Masonic symbols and ideas with other religions and civilizations.

Walt Elias Disney is one of the most famous producers of animated films. He is credited with creating the most iconic cartoon characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. Between 1928 and 1938, he dedicated his efforts to developing the diagnostic aspects of animated films, which left a clear impact on storytelling, design, and artistic theorization in all areas of animated film production.

Therefore, this semiotic communication approach is essential to understand the significant effects of drawings and advertising images on the social upbringing of children regardless of their gender, level, or social status...

Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Raw Milk, Dhan, A Traditional Butter Produced in West of Algeria

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Dhan, a traditional butter produced in western Algeria. The study seeks to investigate the variety of LAB in Dhan and to highlight the importance of traditional dairy products. Nine samples were collected, processed, and grown on selective media from different farms in the Tiaret and Tissemsilt regions of Northwest Algeria. The LAB was characterized using the API 50 CHL system and biochemical tests. The results showed that in the MRS medium, the bacterial load ranged from 2.85 x 104 to 3.89 x 105 CFU/g, while in the M17 medium, it varied from 2.63 x 103 to 3.91 x 105 CFU/g. Lactobacillus species accounted for the majority (73%), with Lactococcus (16%) and Leuconostoc (11%). The species that have been identified are as follows: Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei subsp, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis ssp cremoris, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp dextranicum. The predominant LAB in Dhan was found to be Lactobacillus spp. To investigate the biotechnological potential of these isolates, more research is advised.

Evaluation of Cold-Formed Steel Section Using Numerical Thermal Performance Under Fire Conditions

Salameh Mus'ab, Kada Abdelhak, Lamri Belkacem — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In Algeria, especially in seismic regions such as Chlef, designers adopted light steel framing structures of cold-formed sections to decrease the overall weight of the building. In fire conditions, however, due to the small values of the section factor, the fire resistance of unprotected cold-formed steel sections is reduced leading to a rapid increase in the temperature within the slender sections. Consequently, the cold-formed steel (CFS) framing became vulnerable. This research work aims to analyze numerically the behaviour of cold-formed sections at normal and high temperatures under ISO 834 fire conditions, are to predict temperature profiles within the sections and time resistance. Finite element models for different sections are developed using ANSYS APD L software for thermal analysis. Both material and geometric nonlinearities are considered following the formulations and prescriptions from Eurocode 3 part1-2 for fire considerations and Eurocode 3 part1-3 for cold-formed steel sections. The obtained results show a uniform temperature distribution across the structural elements and no observed difference between the web and flange section. The thermal analysis represents that there is an initial period of relatively low temperatures followed by a linear phase in function of temperatures recorded.

The Role of Historical Landmarks in Achieving Tourism Development: Ahmed Bey Palace in Constantine Province as a Case Study

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to discuss the role of historical landmarks in achieving tourism development, using Ahmed Bey Palace in Constantine Province as a model. Historical landmarks are considered essential attractions in any region, and Ahmed Bey Palace is one of these landmarks located in Constantine Province. In this article, we attempt to explore the tourism reality of this historical site and its contribution to tourism development in the province. Finally, we provide some suggestions for activating and increasing tourist activity at the historical site to achieve better tourism development.

Mechanical Properties of Bio-Composite Materials Based on Date Palm Kernel Powder and Fibers

Ali Chaoufi, Ahmed Badraoui, Amal Benamara, Ali Benzegaou — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Recently, the reduction of energy consumption and the development of the bio-economy are among the major concerns of sustainable development. Indeed, scientific research focuses on exploiting available and sustainable natural resources to compensate for the shortage of wood and reduce the harmful effects of the production of certain materials on the environment.
Bio-source materials are becoming increasingly important in the modern building sector and in the rehabilitation of existing buildings. It is in this context that we conducted a study on the mechanical characterization of bio composite materials based on date palm date and fiber cores. The objective is to enhance the value of agricultural discharges from date palms, in particular the trunk, the core of the date palm and the fibers, by introducing them as reinforcement in the preparation of epoxy matrix composite materials.

Retracted

Retracted — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Retracted

Study of the Effect of the Solvent on the Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Urticadioical.

Fri, 19 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

UrticadioicaL is a commonplant. Everyone knowsherforherstingingtouch.Infact,itis amedicinalplantusedsinceancienttimesforitsmany therapeuticproperties.In order to know the biological activities of medicinal plants traditionally used by the population, ourwork focused on the study of the crude extracts of the leaves of UrticadioicaL (Urticaceae) by themethodofethanolic maceration.Phytochemical screening revealed a wealth of bioactive substances. The characterization ofpolyphenols and flavonoids on TLC plates revealed a significant number of spots, which indicates a significantrichnessofcompoundsofthesesecondary metabolists.Radical scavenging (DPPH) showed that the ethanolic extract of Urticadioica has significantantioxidantactivity.