Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract

Background: MetS a cluster of risk factors, which encompasses visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, is linked with an increased risk of all causes of morbidity and mortality. In addition, MetS is also associated with a high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. To prevent and control the associated morbidity and mortality, it is essential to identify MetS and predictors clearly among the hospital patients.

Objectives: to find the demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables that are correlated to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in relation to some tertiary hospitals.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Department of Medicine, LRH-MTI, Peshawar between june 2019 to june 2021.150 prospective study participants who completed the study (18 and above). Anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL-C data were taken. The MetS was categorized according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Statistical analysis and management of data were done using SPSS 24.0. Descriptive statistics were also used and multivariate logistic regression that used the p-value that was less than 0.05 as the standard of significance.

Results: Out of 150 respondents mean age 46.822.5 years, 58 % (n=87) of them are female. 62 respondents are infected with Metabolic Syndrome, which may lead to an overall prevalence of 41.3 %. These were the most common abdominal obesity (68%), high blood pressure (64%), and low HDL-C (59%). The respondents with Metabolic Syndrome were more obese with a fasting glucose of 118.6 plus or minus 24.8mg/dL (p=0.003) and a mean body mass of 29.7 plus or minus 4.2kg/m 2 (p=0.001) whereas their counterparts without Metabolic Syndrome were not. Strongest correlations were observed with female gender, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was extremely prevalent among the adult patients who presented to the hospitals particularly the females and the obese people. The leading causes were central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Lifestyle change is required, periodic screening of MetS elements, and immediate counseling to reduce the rising cardiometabolic burden. The preventive programs against the modifiable risk factors should also be conducted through tertiary care to minimise the subsequent complications.