Beyond the Triple Helix: The Rise of the Quadruple Helix and the Redefinition of the Social Mission of the University

Abstract

This paper investigates and dissects the changing social function of universities through the shift from the triple helix to the quadruple helix using a theoretical perspective that is based on a review of different literatures concerning two models. The study is significant as it adds to the body of academic literature on models of innovation and university’s role in the knowledge economy. An analytical framework is also offered that enables public policy makers and university managers to formulate strategies that foster community engagement and sustainable development. This study utilized descriptive analysis of a systematic theoretical review of the peer reviewed literature on triple and quadruple helix models and the social university mission, and overlaid a comparative analysis of triple and quadruple helix. The study determined that the The quadruple helix model re-defines the role of the university, from that of a central institution in a market and/or profit logic to one of social responsibility and community engagement with the university. The quadruple helix also signifies a shift towards a more complete model of knowledge generation and transfer, placing the university in the context of society, rather than* as a secluded institution, and turning knowledge and innovation to serve the public welfare.