Differentiating Malignant from Benign Lymph Nodes Using Strain Histogram: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is a congenital or early-onset ocular disorder characterized by involuntary, rhythmic eye movements that can significantly impact visual acuity, binocular vision, and overall quality of life. This review article explores the current management strategies for INS, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, optometrists, neurologists, and geneticists. The paper discusses conservative management options, including optical interventions such as spectacles, contact lenses, and prisms, alongside pharmacological treatments aimed at modulating ocular motor behavior. Furthermore, the review underscores the importance of individualized treatment plans tailored to the patient's specific visual and functional needs. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical practice guidelines, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available management lines for infantile nystagmus and identify gaps requiring further research.