Caravan Trade between the Maghreb Countries and Western Sudan and its Cultural Influences between the 16th and 19th Centuries

Abstract

Since ancient times, trade relations between the peoples of the world have played a role in cultural communication, and this was evident in the caravan trade between the Maghreb and Western Sudan. The commercial centers and the movements of merchants, despite the difficulties of the journey, had civilization effects in the countries of Western Sudan in the period 16-19, and their manifestations emerged in the spread of Islam and the emergence of cultural cities and urban expansion.