An Insight about Toxicological effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

     NMs, which is the umbrella term for other nano sized morphologies such as NPs, nanofibers, and nanotubes, are defined as very small materials having at least one dimension below 100 nm in size. They can be synthesized by two primary strategies: the top-down fabrication, which crushes bulk material into smaller particles, and the bottom-up method, that uses chemical reactions to originate NPs from atoms or molecules.    Nanoparticles are commercially produced from metal and nonmetal, polymeric materials and bioceramics have widespread application in all aspects of modern life. These particles have unique features such as small size, high surface area, special physicochemical and electrical properties and high reactivity.      Nanosized Titanium dioxide particles (TDN) or (TiO2) are one of the most commenly manufactured nanoparticles.    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is primarily used as a whitening agent due to its brightness and resistance to discoloration in consumer products and food. Titanium dioxide is approved as a white-colored food additive in Europe (E171). the toxic effects of test substances are usually measured in terms of acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic or chronic exposure conditions. Studies with a maximum of 2 weeks (14 days) study duration are normally referred to as acute toxicity studies. Sub-acute toxicity studies last for a maximum of 4 weeks (28 days), sub-chronic toxicity studies for a maximum of 13 weeks (90 days) and chronic toxicity studies last longer than 4 months. Despite several benefits of nanotechnology, unique properties of NPs can cause harmful effects on biological systems.